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Bilder als Affektgeneratoren
(2020)
This chapter is about school suspension through a social work lens. Young people like Martin require the collective to belong, to be a member of a group, to realise their social needs. This is the basic requirement of human mental and social stability. Suspension stands in opposition because it legitimises social exclusion and disregards the linkage between the individual and collective (Bunge 2003). This chapter advocates for a whole systems approach to tackle social problems and develop sustainable interventions that facilitate young peoples’ needs realisation at school.
Blood flow and ventilatory flow strongly influence the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. The physicochemical properties of a compound (e.g., water solubility) additionally determine if the concentration of the compound in breath reflects the alveolar concentration, the concentration in the upper airways, or a mixture of both. Mathematical modeling based on mass balance equations helps to understand how measured breath concentrations are related to their corresponding blood concentrations and physiological parameters, such as metabolic rates and endogenous production rates. In addition, the influence of inhaled compounds on their exhaled concentrations can be quantified and appropriate correction formulas can be derived. Isoprene and acetone, two endogenous VOCs with very different water solubility, have been modeled to explain the essential features of their behavior in breath. This chapter introduces the theory of physiological modeling of exhaled VOCs, with examples of isoprene and acetone.