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Traditional power grids are mainly based on centralized power generation and subsequent distribution. The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and the growing number of electrical loads is creating difficulties in balancing supply and demand and threatens the secure and efficient operation of power grids. At the same time, households hold an increasing amount of flexibility, which can be exploited by demand-side management to decrease customer cost and support grid operation. Compared to the collection of individual flexibilities, aggregation reduces optimization complexity, protects households’ privacy, and lowers the communication effort. In mathematical terms, each flexibility is modeled by a set of power profiles, and the aggregated flexibility is modeled by the Minkowski sum of individual flexibilities. As the exact Minkowski sum calculation is generally computationally prohibitive, various approximations can be found in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is a comparative evaluation of several approximation algorithms in terms of novel quality criteria, computational complexity, and communication effort using realistic data. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of selected comparison criteria on the time horizon length and on the number of households. Our results indicate that none of the algorithms perform satisfactorily in all categories. Hence, we provide guidelines on the application-dependent algorithm choice. Moreover, we demonstrate a major drawback of some inner approximations, namely that they may lead to situations in which not using the flexibility is impossible, which may be suboptimal in certain situations.
Alles muss raus
(2022)
The production of liquid-gas dispersions places high demands on the process technology, which requires knowledge of the bubble formation mechanisms, as well as the phase parameters of the media combinations used. To obtain the bubble sizes introduced to a flow not knowing the phase parameters, different process parameters are investigated. Their quality and applicability are evaluated. The results obtained make it possible to simplify long design processes of dispersion processes in manufacturing plants and to ensure the product quality of the products manufactured, by reducing waste.
Bubble columns are recently used for the humidification of air in water treatment systems and fuel cells. They are well applicable due to their excellent heat and mass transfer and their low technical complexity. To design and operate such devices with high efficiency, the humidification process and the impact of the operating parameters need to be understood to a sufficient degree. To extend this knowledge, we use a refined and novel method to determine the volumetric air–liquid heat and mass transfer coefficients and the humidifier efficiency for various parametric settings. The volumetric transfer coefficients increase with both of the superficial air velocity and the liquid temperature. It is further shown that the decrease of vapor pressure with an increase of the salinity results in a corresponding decrease in the outlet humidity ratio. In contrast to previous studies, liquid heights smaller than 0.1 m are investigated and significant changes in the humidifier efficiency are seen in this range. We present the expected humidifier efficiency with respect to the superficial air velocity and the liquid height in an efficiency chart, such that optimal operating conditions can be determined. Based on this efficiency chart, recommendations for industrial applications as well as future scientific challenges are drawn.
Das Nugget-Chart
(2022)
This paper aims to study the design, simulation, and optimization of low-loss Y-branch passive optical splitters up to 64 output ports for telecommunication applications. For a waveguide channel profile, the standard material silica-on-silicon is used. The Y-splitters are designed and simulated at telecommunication operating wavelength, λ = 1550 nm. Except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, and a core size of the waveguides, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters are considered fixed. The simulation results are analyzed to determine the optimum length of the splitters and the optimum core size. Based on this optimization the total length of the highest designed 1×64 Y-branch splitter was reduced by 41.14 % for a waveguide core (5×5) μm2 compared to the length of splitter with a standard (6×6) μm2 core size.
Die Arbeitswelt von morgen
(2022)
Der Beitrag untersucht die Unterstützungsbedarfe von Schüler_innen während der Schultransition in Österreich und fragt nach Möglichkeiten zum Aufbau von inklusiven Unterstützungsangeboten. Um diesbezüglich Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, wurden zwei qualitative Datensätze analysiert: Einerseits ein Datensatz aus 2018, in welchem die Transition von der Volks- in die Sekundarschule und damit verbundene Herausforderungen mittels Interviews mit Schüler_innen und involvierten Erwachsenen untersucht wurden. Andererseits ein Datensatz aus 2020, in dem Praktiker_innen über Veränderungen der psychosozialen Unterstützungsangebote für Kinder und Familien während der Covid-19-Pandemie befragt wurden. Die Daten von 2018 zeigen, dass der Aufbau von positiven sozialen Beziehungen zu Gleichaltrigen eine wichtige Ressource für eine gelungene Schultransition darstellt, jedoch nicht immer gelingt, weshalb Unterstützungsbedarf benannt wird. Zugleich werden Zugangsbarrieren zu vorhandenen Unterstützungsangeboten deutlich, die in Zusammenhang mit drei soziodemografischen Charakteristika stehen: (1) Lebenssituation und geografischer Standort, (2) finanzielle Ressourcen und (3) Migrationshintergrund. Die Daten aus dem Jahr 2020 zeigen, dass es durch den Einsatz digitaler Angebote zu einer Überwindung von Zugangsbarrieren und hemmenden Strukturen kommen kann. Die Betrachtung beider Studienergebnisse lässt somit Implikationen für eine verbesserte, inklusive und innovative Versorgungsstruktur für Adressat_innen der Sozialen Arbeit zu.
Bachground: Worldwide, more than 79.5 million people are forcibly displaced, including a significant number of migrant and refugee families with children. Migration and refugeedom affect these families in different dimensions, such as mental, physical and spiritual health. Identifying family needs and enhancing parenting skills can improve family cohesion and health, as well as smooth integration into the host country. This review is part of the Erasmus+ funded project- IENE 8 (Intercultural Education for Nurses in Europe) aiming at empowering migrant and refugee families regarding parenting skills.
Methods: This was a scoping review of literature. The IENE 8 partner countries (Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, and United Kingdom) searched for peer reviewed papers, grey literature and mass media reports at international, European and national level. The time period for the search of scientific and grey literature was between2013-2018, and for mass media, it was between 2016 and 2018. Results: 124 relevant sources were identified. They included 33 Peer reviewed papers, 47 Grey literature documents and 44 mass media reports. This revealed the importance of understanding the needs of migrant families with children. Conclusion: It is evident from the literature that there is a need to support refugee parents to adjust their existing skill and to empower them to develop new ones. Healthcare and social services professionals have an essential role in improving the refugees' parenting skills. This can be done by developing and implementing family-centered and culturally-sensitive intervention programs.