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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the exogenous and endogenous drivers of the high-growth of Unicorn start-ups along their life cycle, with a particular focus on Unicorns in the fintech industry.
Design/methodology/approach – The study employs an explorative longitudinal analysis with a matched pair of two cases of Unicorns start-ups with similar antecedent features to understand holistically drivers over the longer term.
Findings – High-growth patterns over the longer term are the result of a combined industry- and company-life cycle perspective. Drivers and growth patterns vary significantly according to the time of entry in the industry and
its development status. The findings are systematised within a set of propositions to be tested in future research.
Research limitations/implications – The limitations lie in empirical evidence, as the analysis is limited to one matched-pair. The revealed Unicorns’ drivers for long-term growth might encourage future research to further investigate these drivers on a larger scale.
Practical implications – The study offers practical recommendations for start-ups with high-growth ambitions and advice to policy makers regarding the development of tailor-made support programs.
Originality/value – The study significantly extends extant work on growth and high-growth by examining endogenous and exogenous triggers over time and by linking the Unicorn-life cycle to the industry life cycle, an approach which has, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not yet been applied.
A modified matrix adaptation evolution strategy with restarts for constrained real-world problems
(2020)
In combination with successful constraint handling techniques, a Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (MA-ES) variant (the εMAg-ES) turned out to be a competitive algorithm on the constrained optimization problems proposed for the CEC 2018 competition on constrained single objective real-parameter optimization. A subsequent analysis points to additional potential in terms of robustness and solution quality. The consideration of a restart scheme and adjustments in the constraint handling techniques put this into effect and simplify the configuration. The resulting BP-εMAg-ES algorithm is applied to the constrained problems proposed for the IEEE CEC 2020 competition on Real-World Single-Objective Constrained optimization. The novel MA-ES variant realizes improvements over the original εMAg-ES in terms of feasibility and effectiveness on many of the real-world benchmarks. The BP-εMAg-ES realizes a feasibility rate of 100% on 44 out of 57 real-world problems and improves the best-known solution in 5 cases.
A multi-recombinative active matrix adaptation evolution strategy for constrained optimization
(2019)
A novel calorimetric technique for the analysis of gas-releasing endothermic dissociation reactions
(2020)
Synthetic polymers, such as polyamide (PA), inherently possess a moderate number of surface functionalities compared to natural polymers, which negatively impacts the uniformity of metallic coatings obtained through wet-chemical methods like electroless plating. The paper presents the use of a siloxane interlayer formed from the condensation of the hydrolyzed 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA) precursor as a strategy to modify the surface properties of polyamide 6.6 (PA66) fabrics and improve the uniformity of the copper surface coating. The application of the siloxane intermediate coating demonstrates a significant improvement in electrical conductivity, up to 20 times higher than fabrics without the interlayer. The morphology of the coatings was investigated using scanning electron (SEM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LSM). In addition, dye adsorption, flexural rigidity, air permeability and contact angle measurements were conducted to monitor the change in the PA66 properties after the siloxane functionalization.