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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) modules are used in industrial settings to control and monitor various manufacturing processes. Detecting these modules can be helpful during installation and maintenance. However, the limited availability of real annotated images to train an object detector poses a challenge. This thesis aims to research object detection of these modules on real images by using synthetic data during training. The synthetic images are generated from CAD models and improved with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The CAD models are rendered in different scenes, and perfectly annotated images are automatically saved. A technique called domain randomization is applied during rendering. It renders the modules in different poses with constantly changing backgrounds. As the CAD models do not visually resemble the real modules, it is necessary to improve the synthetic images. This project researches StarGAN and CycleGAN for the task of image-to-image translation. A GAN is trained with real and synthetic images and can then translate between these domains. YOLOv8 and Faster R-CNN are tested for object detection. The best mean Average Precision (mAP) is achieved when training with a synthetic dataset where 50% of the images were improved with StarGAN. When trained with YOLOv8 and evaluated on a real dataset, it achieves a mAP of 84.4%. Overall, the accuracy depends on the quality of the CAD models. Using a GAN improves the detection rate for all modules, but especially for unrealistic CAD models.
Offline speech to text engine for delimited context in combination with an offline speech assistant
(2022)
The inatura museum in Dornbirn had planned an interactive speech assistant-like exhibit. The concept was that visitors could ask the exhibit several questions that they would like to ask a flower. Solution requirements regarding the functionalities were formulated, such as the capacity to run offline because of privacy reasons. Due to the similarity of the exhibit, open-source offline Speech To Text (STT) engines and speech assistants were examined. Proprietary cloud-based STT engines associated with the corresponding speech assistants were also researched. The aim behind this was to evaluate the hypothesis of whether an open-source offline STT engine can compete with a proprietary cloud-based STT engine. Additionally, a suitable STT engine or speech assistant would need to be evaluated. Furthermore, analysis regarding the adaption possibilities of the STT models took place. After the technical analysis, the decision in favour of the STT engines called "Vosk" was made. This analysis was followed by attempts to adapt the model of Vosk. Vosk was compared to proprietary cloud-based Google Cloud Speech to Text to evaluate the hypothesis. The comparison resulted in not much of a significant difference between Vosk and Google Cloud Speech to Text. Due to this result, a recommendation to use Vosk for the exhibit was given. Due to the lack of intent parsing functionality, two algorithms called "text matching algorithm" and "text and keyword matching algorithm" were implemented and tested. This test proved that the text and keyword matching algorithm performed better, with an average success rate of 83.93 %. Consequently, this algorithm was recommended for the intent parsing of the exhibit. In the end, potential adaption possibilities for the algorithms were given, such as using a different string matching library. Some improvements regarding the exhibit were also presented.
A model is presented that allows for the calculation of the success probability by which a vanilla Evolution Strategy converges to the global optimizer of the Rastrigin test function. As a result a population size scaling formula will be derived that allows for an estimation of the population size needed to ensure a high convergence security depending on the search space dimensionality.
On the extension of digital ecosystems for SCM and customs with distributed ledger technologies
(2019)
Global supply chains represent the backbone of the modern manufacturing industry. Planning of global supply chains still represents a major hurdle, mainly because of the high complexity and unforeseen disruptions that have to be mastered for meeting the different logistics windows in a globally distributed production environment. Trust in supply chains is an additional challenge. A major – albeit sometimes overlooked - part of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the management and integration of customs processes, clearing of tariffs, (re-)billing of customers, and fulfilling other legal requirements related to crossing borders, ranging from environmental standards over goods inspection to general paper work. With the exception of work offered by the World Customs Organization (WCO) the issue of customs and blockchain is still underrepresented in research and practice. In this paper, we look at innovations that drive the current ICTenabled SCM research and how these can be combined with smart customs management. After a literature review and introduction to the state-of-the-art, we list potential trust-based innovations for SCM and customs in digital business ecosystems. Based upon the innovations we also describe a requirements analysis of existing distributed ledger technologies (requirements for system layout, system configuration, system governance). A description of the prototype for the Lake Constance region – on which we are currently working – concludes the paper.
On the integration of intelligent logistics ecosystems in production and industry 4.0 settings
(2017)
The design and development of smart products and services with data science enabled solutions forms a core topic of the current trend of digitalisation in industry. Enabling skilled staff, employees, and students to use data science in their daily work routine of designing such products and services is a key concern of higher education institutions, including universities, company workshop providers and in further education. The scope and usage scenario of this paper is to assess software modules (‘tools’) for integrated data and analytics as service (DAaaS). The tools are usually driven by machine learning, may be deployed in cloud infrastructures, and are specifically targeted at particular needs of the industrial manufacturing, production, or supply chain sector.
The paper describes existing theories and previous work, namely methods used in didactics, work done for visually designing and using machine learning algorithms (no-code / low- code tools), as well as combinations of these two topics. For tools available on the market, an extended assessment of their suitability for a set of learning scenarios and personas is discussed.