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The paper shows concepts of optical splitting based on three dimensional (3D) optical splitters based on multimode interference principle. This paper is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of 3D MMI splitter with formed output waveguides based on IP-Dip polymer for direct application on optical fiber. The MMI optical splitter was simulated and fabricated using direct laser writing process. Output characteristics were characterized by highly resolved near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and compared with 3D MMI splitter without output waveguides.
In this paper, we document optical splitters based on Y-branch and also on MMI splitting principle. The 1×4 Y-branch splitter was prepared in 3D geometry fully from polymer approaching the single mode transmission at 1550 nm. We also prepared new concept of 1×4 MMI optical splitter. Their optical properties and character of output optical field were measured by near-field scanning optical microscope. Splitting properties and optical outputs of both splitters are very promising and increase an attractiveness of presented 3D technology and polymers.
Traditional power grids are mainly based on centralized power generation and subsequent distribution. The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and the growing number of electrical loads is creating difficulties in balancing supply and demand and threatens the secure and efficient operation of power grids. At the same time, households hold an increasing amount of flexibility, which can be exploited by demand-side management to decrease customer cost and support grid operation. Compared to the collection of individual flexibilities, aggregation reduces optimization complexity, protects households’ privacy, and lowers the communication effort. In mathematical terms, each flexibility is modeled by a set of power profiles, and the aggregated flexibility is modeled by the Minkowski sum of individual flexibilities. As the exact Minkowski sum calculation is generally computationally prohibitive, various approximations can be found in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is a comparative evaluation of several approximation algorithms in terms of novel quality criteria, computational complexity, and communication effort using realistic data. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of selected comparison criteria on the time horizon length and on the number of households. Our results indicate that none of the algorithms perform satisfactorily in all categories. Hence, we provide guidelines on the application-dependent algorithm choice. Moreover, we demonstrate a major drawback of some inner approximations, namely that they may lead to situations in which not using the flexibility is impossible, which may be suboptimal in certain situations.
Alles bleibt anders? Profession und Disziplin Sozialer Arbeit im Kontext der Covid-19-Pandemie
(2022)
Alles muss raus
(2022)
Bubble column humidifiers (BCHs) are frequently used for the humidification of air in various water treatment applications. A potential but not yet profoundly investigated application of such devices is the treatment of oily wastewater. To evaluate this application, the accumulation of an oil-water emulsion using a BCH is experimentally analyzed. The amount of evaporating water vapor can be evaluated by measuring the humidity ratio of the outlet air. However, humidity measurements are difficult in close to saturated conditions, as the formation of liquid droplets on the sensor impacts the measurement accuracy. We use a heating section after the humidifier, such that no liquid droplets are formed on the sensor. This enables us a more accurate humidity measurement. Two batch measurement runs are conducted with (1) tap water and (2) an oil-water emulsion as the respective liquid phase. The humidity measurement in high humidity conditions is highly accurate with an error margin of below 3 % and can be used to predict the oil concentration of the remaining liquid during operation. The measured humidity ratio corresponds with the removed amount of water vapor for both tap water and the accumulation of an oil-water emulsion. Our measurements show that the residual water content
in the oil-water emulsion is below 4 %.
Arbeitspaket 3: Ausschöpfung des Innovationspotentials von smarten Technologien - FH Vorarlberg
(2022)
Anhand von empirischem Material aus zwei Forschungsprojekten gibt die Broschüre Einblick in zentrale Harausforderungen, die sich in der pädagogischen Praxis beim Umgang mit (Kinder-)Armut stellen. Die Broschüre vermittelt relevantes Wissen über Armut als gesamtgesellschaftliches Problem. Zudem setzt sie Impulse für die Entwicklung einer kritsch-reflexiven Perspektive auf die Arbeit mit armutserfahrenen Kindern, Eltern und Familien.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen der Covid-Pandemie auf die Finanzierungssituation von Unternehmen in Vorarlberg. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf kleine und mittlere Unternehmen sowie deren Eigenkapitalausstattung gelegt. Die Analyse erfolgt anhand einer quantitativen Befragung von 569 Unternehmen im Zeitraum Ende Oktober/Anfang November 2021. Ein Großteil der befragten Unternehmen schätzt die Finanzierungssituation insgesamt als befriedigend oder besser ein. Eigenkapital wird die höchste Relevanz aller Finanzierungsquellen zugesprochen. Obwohl 39% der befragten Unternehmen eine Eigenkapitalerhöhung für Ihr Unternehmen als nötig erachten, haben aktuell nur 14% Überlegungen in diese Richtung. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass eine Beseitigung der steuerlichen Bevorzugung von Fremdkapital (Debt Bias) einen relevanten Anreiz für Eigenkapitalerhöhungen liefern könnte.
A new software tool, called AWG-Channel-Spacing, is developed to calculate accurate channel spacing of an arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) optical multiplexer/demultiplexer. This tool has been developed with the application framework QT in the programming language C++. The tool was evaluated with a design of 20-channel 200 GHz AWG. The achieved simulated transmission characteristics prove the correct functionality of the tool.
A new software tool, called AWG-Wuckler, is developed to calculate geometric parameters of arrayed waveguide grating structures for telecommunication and medical applications. These parameters are crucial for a AWG layout which will be created and simulated using commercial photonic design tools. The design process of AWG is very complex because its geometric dimensions depend on a large number of input design parameters and other input design parameters. Often geometric constraints require an adjustment of the input design parameters and vice versa. Calculation and adjustment of the geometric parameters is a time-consuming process that is currently not fully supported by any commercial photonic tool. AWG-Wuckler tool overcomes this issue and offers a fast and easy to use solution. The tool was already applied in various AWG designs and is technologically well proven.
The production of liquid-gas dispersions places high demands on the process technology, which requires knowledge of the bubble formation mechanisms, as well as the phase parameters of the media combinations used. To obtain the bubble sizes introduced to a flow not knowing the phase parameters, different process parameters are investigated. Their quality and applicability are evaluated. The results obtained make it possible to simplify long design processes of dispersion processes in manufacturing plants and to ensure the product quality of the products manufactured, by reducing waste.
Bubble columns are recently used for the humidification of air in water treatment systems and fuel cells. They are well applicable due to their excellent heat and mass transfer and their low technical complexity. To design and operate such devices with high efficiency, the humidification process and the impact of the operating parameters need to be understood to a sufficient degree. To extend this knowledge, we use a refined and novel method to determine the volumetric air–liquid heat and mass transfer coefficients and the humidifier efficiency for various parametric settings. The volumetric transfer coefficients increase with both of the superficial air velocity and the liquid temperature. It is further shown that the decrease of vapor pressure with an increase of the salinity results in a corresponding decrease in the outlet humidity ratio. In contrast to previous studies, liquid heights smaller than 0.1 m are investigated and significant changes in the humidifier efficiency are seen in this range. We present the expected humidifier efficiency with respect to the superficial air velocity and the liquid height in an efficiency chart, such that optimal operating conditions can be determined. Based on this efficiency chart, recommendations for industrial applications as well as future scientific challenges are drawn.
This paper describes two different designs of 1×8 passive optical splitters. The first splitter consists of cascade arranged directional waveguide branches (Y-branch splitter) with (0.8×0.16) µm2 waveguide cross-section. The second splitter is based on multimode interference occurring in a large MMI coupler, which uses a self-imaging effect for beam propagation, exhibiting the same waveguide core size as a Y-branch splitter. The waveguide channel profile, used in both approaches, is based on a silicon nitride material platform, with a refractive index of core being nc = 1.925 and a refractive index of cladding ncl = 1.4575. The splitters are designed as a planar structure for a medical operating wavelength 850 nm. Design, simulation, and optimization of passive optical components are performed by a commercial photonic software tool BeamPROP simulation engine by RSoft Photonics Suite tool, employing beam propagation method. This work aims to find the minimum physical dimensions of the designed splitters with the satisfactory optical performance. According to the minimum insertion loss and minimum non-uniformity, the optimum length of the splitters is determined. Finally, the optical properties of splitters for both approaches are discussed and compared with each other.
Das Nugget-Chart
(2022)
This paper aims to study the design, simulation, and optimization of low-loss Y-branch passive optical splitters up to 64 output ports for telecommunication applications. For a waveguide channel profile, the standard material silica-on-silicon is used. The Y-splitters are designed and simulated at telecommunication operating wavelength, λ = 1550 nm. Except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, and a core size of the waveguides, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters are considered fixed. The simulation results are analyzed to determine the optimum length of the splitters and the optimum core size. Based on this optimization the total length of the highest designed 1×64 Y-branch splitter was reduced by 41.14 % for a waveguide core (5×5) μm2 compared to the length of splitter with a standard (6×6) μm2 core size.
Design, simulation, and optimization of the 1×4 optical three-dimensional multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding is demonstrated. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation module of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm . According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the splitter were optimized for a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 μm2 . The objective of the study is to create the design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
We present 256-channel, 25-GHz AWG designed for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing. For the design two in-house developed tools were used: AWG-Parameters tool for the calculation of input design parameters and AWGAnalyser tool, used to evaluate the simulated transmission characteristics. The AWG structure was designed for AWG central wavelength of 1550 nm and simulated with PHASAR tool from Optiwave. To keep the size of AWG structure as small as possible the number of waveguides in the phased array was tested. The simulations show that there is a certain minimum number of phased array waveguides necessary to reach sufficient AWG performance. After optimization, the AWG structure reached 10 cm x 11 cm in size and satisfying optical properties.
The properties of diamond make it an attractive material for MEMS and sensor devices. We present the feasibility to fabricate membranes and cantilevers made of nano-(micro-) crystalline diamond films grown on Si/SiO2 substrates using microwave chemical vapour deposition (MWCVD). The patterning of micromechanical structures was performed by a combined process of femtosecond laser ablation and wet etching. We designed cantilever structures with varying lengths and widths (25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μm). The cantilevers were made in a symmetric left- and right-hand configuration. An additional laser treatment was used to modify the mechanical properties of the left-hand cantilever. The deflection of the laser-treated, and non-treated sections was measured. The global mechanical system properties were simulated and corresponded with high accuracy to the measured results of deflection.
Die Arbeitswelt von morgen
(2022)
Der Forschungsbericht gibt Antworten auf folgende Forschungsfrage: "Wie gestalten sich die interkulturellen Lebenswelten im Jahre 2021 im Orden der Steyler Missionare in St. Gabriel?" Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Studie ist, wie eine Ordensgemeinschaft in der heutigen Zeit funktioniert. Wie die veränderten gesellschaftlichen Werte, Normen und Regeln sich auswirken und wie sich ein normaler Alltag für ein Ordensmitglied gestaltet. Was es heißt zu missionieren und welche Erfahrungen Steyler Missionare hinsichtlich eines gelingenden interkulturellen Zusammenlebens haben, werden in dieser Studie beleuchtet. Die Recherchen zum Forschungsstand ergaben, dass es kaum Studien zum Ordensleben aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht gibt. Die Lebenswelten der Ordensmitglieder werden mit Hilfe des lebensweltorientierten Ansatzes nach Thiersch und der Bedürfnistheorie nach Obrecht theoretisch fundiert. Das Sampling erfolgte mittels eines qualitativen Stichprobenplans. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Juli 2021. Die Auswertung erfolgte inhaltsanalytisch nach Mayring. Die Steyler Missionare können als weltoffene Ordensgemeinschaft betrachtet werden, deren Handeln wesentlich von den unterschiedlichen Missionserfahrungen geprägt ist. Ordensstrukturen unterscheiden sich deutlich von Strukturen der übrigen Gesellschaft. Diese Strukturen haben eine positive Wirkung auf die Ordensmitglieder. Diese, als auch eine sinnstiftende und erfüllende Tätigkeit sowie ein gewisses Maß an Freizeit ist anscheinend das Rezept für ein zufriedenes Leben. Die Mission hat für den Orden einen zentralen Stellenwert. Integration, Rassismus und Kolonialismus sind permanente Herausforderungen auch im Zusammenleben und werden aus verschiedenen Perspektiven diskutiert. In der Ordensgemeinschaft hat es viele Veränderungen gegeben, die Auswirkungen von diesen und der Umgang hiermit werden beschrieben sowie ein Blick in die Zukunft gewagt.
Der Beitrag untersucht die Unterstützungsbedarfe von Schüler_innen während der Schultransition in Österreich und fragt nach Möglichkeiten zum Aufbau von inklusiven Unterstützungsangeboten. Um diesbezüglich Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, wurden zwei qualitative Datensätze analysiert: Einerseits ein Datensatz aus 2018, in welchem die Transition von der Volks- in die Sekundarschule und damit verbundene Herausforderungen mittels Interviews mit Schüler_innen und involvierten Erwachsenen untersucht wurden. Andererseits ein Datensatz aus 2020, in dem Praktiker_innen über Veränderungen der psychosozialen Unterstützungsangebote für Kinder und Familien während der Covid-19-Pandemie befragt wurden. Die Daten von 2018 zeigen, dass der Aufbau von positiven sozialen Beziehungen zu Gleichaltrigen eine wichtige Ressource für eine gelungene Schultransition darstellt, jedoch nicht immer gelingt, weshalb Unterstützungsbedarf benannt wird. Zugleich werden Zugangsbarrieren zu vorhandenen Unterstützungsangeboten deutlich, die in Zusammenhang mit drei soziodemografischen Charakteristika stehen: (1) Lebenssituation und geografischer Standort, (2) finanzielle Ressourcen und (3) Migrationshintergrund. Die Daten aus dem Jahr 2020 zeigen, dass es durch den Einsatz digitaler Angebote zu einer Überwindung von Zugangsbarrieren und hemmenden Strukturen kommen kann. Die Betrachtung beider Studienergebnisse lässt somit Implikationen für eine verbesserte, inklusive und innovative Versorgungsstruktur für Adressat_innen der Sozialen Arbeit zu.
Diversiteit
(2022)
Gesundheitsdienstleister kommen täglich mit Vielfalt in Berührung. Aus diesem Grund ist es ein wichtiges Thema in der Berufsausbildung. Das Bewusstsein für Unterschiede im soziokulturellen Hintergrund geht Hand in Hand mit dem Finden von Gemeinsamkeiten.
Inhalt
In dieser Ausgabe der ZorgBasics-Reihe steht Vielfalt in all ihren Facetten im Mittelpunkt. Aus theoretischen Rahmen, persönlichen Lebensgeschichten und Beispielen aus der Gesundheitspraxis wird das Thema Vielfalt vertieft. Weil Vielfalt auch viel mit der eigenen Persönlichkeit zu tun hat, werden dem Leser auch reflektierende Fragen gestellt.
Charakterisieren
• Dem Studierenden werden praktische Werkzeuge an die Hand gegeben, mit denen er Vielfalt auf unterschiedliche Weise betrachten kann.
• Das Buch diskutiert Vielfalt im weitesten Sinne des Wortes und macht das Thema mit Hilfe von Reflexionsübungen aufschlussreich.
• Gedacht für alle in der HGZO gibt es aber auch konkrete Beispiele aus der Pflege- und Ergotherapie.
Neu
Für die dritte Auflage wurde der Inhalt gründlich überarbeitet. Zeitgenössische Entwicklungen wie sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität, Black Lives Matter und die Corona-Pandemie wurden einbezogen. Die Literatur wurde aktualisiert und viele Fälle wurden erneuert. Die Theorien und Modelle wurden um Superdiversität und Intersektionalität erweitert. Darüber hinaus wird auf eine positive Gesundheit und die Suche nach Gemeinsamkeiten und Überbrückungsunterschieden geachtet.
Zielgruppe
Geschrieben für Studenten, die einen Kurs im Gesundheitswesen und Fachleute im Gesundheitswesen absolvieren.
In this paper we present various educational activities with Photonics Explorer, an educational kit developed by the photonics research team B - PHOT at VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) for students at secondary schools. The concept is a ‘lab-in-a-box’ that enables students of the 2 nd and 3 rd grade to do photonics experiments themselves at school with lasers, LEDs, lenses, optical fibers, and other high-tech components. Even though, the kit was developed for the secondary schools, we use experiments from the kit also for some other teaching activities such as lectures at the university, photonics workshops for teachers and children at primary/secondary schools or for events such as children's/youth's university or the night of sciences. In the frame of Austrian based project Phorsch! we have organized most of these activities which will be presented here.
Bachground: Worldwide, more than 79.5 million people are forcibly displaced, including a significant number of migrant and refugee families with children. Migration and refugeedom affect these families in different dimensions, such as mental, physical and spiritual health. Identifying family needs and enhancing parenting skills can improve family cohesion and health, as well as smooth integration into the host country. This review is part of the Erasmus+ funded project- IENE 8 (Intercultural Education for Nurses in Europe) aiming at empowering migrant and refugee families regarding parenting skills.
Methods: This was a scoping review of literature. The IENE 8 partner countries (Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, and United Kingdom) searched for peer reviewed papers, grey literature and mass media reports at international, European and national level. The time period for the search of scientific and grey literature was between2013-2018, and for mass media, it was between 2016 and 2018. Results: 124 relevant sources were identified. They included 33 Peer reviewed papers, 47 Grey literature documents and 44 mass media reports. This revealed the importance of understanding the needs of migrant families with children. Conclusion: It is evident from the literature that there is a need to support refugee parents to adjust their existing skill and to empower them to develop new ones. Healthcare and social services professionals have an essential role in improving the refugees' parenting skills. This can be done by developing and implementing family-centered and culturally-sensitive intervention programs.
Small and medium-sized enterprises often face resource deficits and there- fore depend on cooperating with other actors to stay innovative in a competitive environment. Establishing and maintaining actual co-creation and service inter- action strategies however is challenging. A reason for this is the complexity of finding methodologies and tools to create valuable outcome and the lack of knowledge of collaboration toolsets, also in virtual environments. This paper introduces an Innovation-Method-Framework consisting of innovation methods for increased service interaction and value co-creation among service stakeholders. Also, toolsets for the framework’s practical application are provided.
In previous studies of linear rotary systems with active magnetic bearings, parametric excitation was introduced as an open-loop control strategy. The parametric excitation was realized by a periodic, in-phase variation of the bearing stiffness. At the difference between two of the eigenfrequencies of the system, a stabilizing effect, called anti-resonance, was found numerically and validated in experiments. In this work, preliminary results of further exploration of the parametric excitation are shared. A Jeffcott rotor with two active magnetic bearings and a disk is investigated. Using Floquet theory, a deeper insight into the dynamic behavior of the system is obtained. Aiming at a further increase of stability, a phase difference between excitation terms is introduced.
Calls for decolonising global health have intensified in recent years. The Austrian NGO plan:g Partnership for Global Health has taken several steps to decolonise its work and to find new ways of communicating and engaging in equitable partnerships. Decolonising global health cooperation is however not without its challenges.
Gaming as a cultural commons
(2022)
Welche Politikziele geben Fachkräfte der Sozialen Arbeit an Eltern weiter, konkret was wird in Beratungen von Eltern explizit und implizit thematisiert und empfohlen? Der Artikel fokussiert auf die Herstellung von Geschlechterarrangements im Rahmen von Beratungssettings auf zwei Ebenen: einerseits zwischen Fachkräften und Eltern und andererseits zwischen den beratenen Eltern. Ausgehend von einer Heuristik, welche die Wirkung steuerungspolitischer Interventionen als Resultat der Deutung seitens der Adressierten begreift, stellt der Beitrag ein Instrument vor, mit dem Deutungen familienpolitischer Leistungen in der Beratung von Sozialarbeiter:innen und adressierten Eltern reflektiert werden können: das familienpolitische Brettspiel. Damit bietet das Beratungsinstrument eine Hilfestellung zur geschlechtersensiblen Adressierung der Eltern in Bezug auf ihre Arbeitsteilung.
Various carbon (nano-) forms, so-called allotropes, have become one of the most supporting activities in fundamental and applied research trends. Therefore, a universal deposition process capable of “adjusting” system parameters in one “deposition chamber” is highly demanding. Here, we present a low-pressure large area deposition system combining radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) plasma in one chamber in different configurations, which offers a wide deposition window for the growth of sp2 carbon (carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon), a mixture of sp2 and sp3 (diamond-like films) and pure sp3 carbon represented by diamond films. We will show that not only the type of plasma source (RF vs. MW) but also the gas mixture and plasma chemistry are crucial parameters for the controllable and reproducible growth of these allotropes at temperatures from 250 to 800 °C.
Hallo. Ich bin Lio.
(2022)
Von Assistenzrobotern im Pflegebereich erhofft man sich Unterstützung in vielfacher Weise: Sie sollen zur Erleichterung für das Pflegepersonal führen (z.B. durch Handreichung von Gegenständen), mehr Sicherheit bringen (z.B. indem sie Nachschauen, sobald Auffälliges registriert wird) und zu einem gesunden Altern (z.B. körperliche Aktivierung) und zu mehr Teilhabe (z.B. psychosoziale Aktivierung) beitragen. Ihre Funktionen versprechen daher einerseits Assistenz für Pflege- und Betreuungspersonal (z.B. Transport- und Serviceaufgaben) und andererseits soziale Assistenz für Senior:innen in Pflegesituationen (z.B. Unterhaltung, Aktivierung).
In dem Projekt PUR (Pflegeunterstützende Robotik) wurde der Roboter Lio der Firma F&P Robotics AG über einen Zeitraum von 22 Monaten in Wohnbereichen in zwei Pflegeeinrichtungen in Konstanz und Schaffhausen getestet und situationsangepasst weiterentwickelt. Mit Unterstützung des Personals und der Bewohner:innen vor Ort wurde Lio anhand der Kriterien Usability, User Experience, Akzeptanz sowie seinen Nutzen für die Organisation evaluiert. Neben den Befragungen der Akteur:innen in den beiden Einrichtungen erfolgte eine systematische Erfassung und Analyse von Informationen und Daten anhand von Logfiles und Dokumenten in welchen Nutzungsdauer und -häufigkeit sowie Fehlerraten erfasst wurden.
Es wurde deutlich, dass Lio sich noch hinsichtlich aller Kriterien verbessern muss um die hohen Erwartungen bezüglich einer wahrnehmbaren Entlastung des Pflegepersonals bei gleichzeitiger Aufrechterhaltung oder Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Bewohner:innen erfüllen zu können. Als Schlüsselfunktion für eine optimierte Usability und User Experience wird die Bedienbarkeit über Sprache betrachtet. Zum einen aus Sicht der Pflege- und Betreuungskräfte die Lio z.B. in hektischen Situationen in der Nachtschicht schnell und einfach in seinem Autonomiemodus (z.B. Desinfizieren von Türen) unterbrechen müssen. Zum anderen aus Sicht der Bewohner:innen die ihn ansprechen, aber nicht verstanden werden, womit das aktivierende Potential, das in Lio steckt, nicht ausgeschöpft wird.
Eine routinemäßige Einbindung von Assistenzrobotern wie Lio in die Pflege- und Betreuungspraxis erfordert neben der Lösung von technischen Problemen (wie zuverlässige Navigation, Sprachinteraktion) auch geeignete Beteiligungsansätze der Akteuer:innen. Diese sind so zu gestalten, dass nicht nur die technikaffinen Personen abgeholt werden, sondern allen ein entsprechendes Angebot gemacht wird, den Umgang mit dem technischen System zu erproben und in der Kontrolle und Bedienung Sicherheit zu erlangen.
Die befragten Akteur:innen sehen eine Zukunft für Assistenzroboter sofern sie autonom, zuverlässig und jederzeit gut kontrollierbar funktionieren und stehen dem digitalen Transformationsprozess in der Pflege größtenteils sehr offen gegenüber.
Highly-sensitive single-step sensing of levodopa by swellable microneedle-mounted nanogap sensors
(2022)
Microneedle (MN) sensing of biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF) can overcome the challenges of self-diagnosis of diseases by a patient, such as blood sampling, handling, and measurement analysis. However, the MN sensing technologies still suffer from poor measurement accuracy due to the small amount of target molecules present in ISF, and require multiple steps of ISF extraction, ISF isolation from MN, and measurement with additional equipment. Here, we present a swellable MN-mounted nanogap sensor that can be inserted into the skin tissue, absorb ISF rapidly, and measure biomarkers in situ by amplifying the measurement signals by redox cycling in nanogap electrodes. We demonstrate that the MN-nanogap sensor measures levodopa (LDA), medication for Parkinson disease, down to 100 nM in an aqueous solution, and 1 μM in both the skin-mimicked gelatin phantom and porcine skin.
The impact of global warming and climate change has forced countries to introduce strict policies and decarbonization goals toward sustainable development. To achieve the decarbonization of the economy, a substantial increase of renewable energy sources is required to meed energy demand and to transition away from fossil fuels. However, renewables are sensitive to environmental conditions, which may lead to imbalances between energy supply and demand. Battery energy storage systems are gaining more attention for balancing energy systems in existing grid networks at various levels such as bulk power management, transmission and distribution, and for end-users. Integrating battery energy storage systems with renewables can also solve reliability issues related to transient energy production and be used as a buffer source for electrical vehicle fast charging. Despite these advantages, batteries are still expensive and typically built for a single application – either for an energy- or power-dense application – which limits economic feasibility and flexibility. This paper presents a theoretical approach of a hybrid energy storage system that utilizes both energy- and power-dense batteries serving multiple grid applications. The proposed system will employ second use electrical vehicle batteries in order to maximise the potential of battery waste. The approach is based on a survey of battery modelling techniques and control methods. It was found that equivalent circuit models as well as unified control methods are best suited for modelling hybrid energy storages for grid applications. This approach for hybrid modelling is intended to help accelerate the renewable energy transition by providing reliable energy storage.
Purpose: Although there is an apparent potential in using data for advanced services in manufacturing environments, SMEs are reluctant to share data with their ecosystem partners, which prevents them from leveraging this potential. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the reasons behind these resistances. The argumentation paves the way for elaborating countermeasures that are adequate for the specific situation and the typical capabilities of SMEs.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis is based on literature research and in-depth interviews with management representatives of 15 companies in manufacturing service ecosystems. Half of these are manufacturers and the other half technology or service providers for manufacturers. They are SMEs or partly larger companies operating in structures that are typical for SMEs.
Findings: Data sharing hurdles are investigated in the five dimensions, 1. quantifying the value of data, 2. willingness to share data and trust, 3. organizational culture and mindset, 4. legal aspects, and 5. security and privacy. The ability to quantify the value of data is a necessary but not sufficient precondition for data sharing, which must be enabled by adequate measures in the other four dimensions.
Originality/Value: The findings of this empirical study and the solution approach provide an SME-specific framework to analyze hurdles that must be overcome for sharing data in an ecosystem.
Manufacturing SMEs can apply the framework to overcome the hurdles by specific insights and solution approaches. Furthermore, the analysis illustrates the future research direction of the project towards a comprehensive solution approach for data sharing in a manufacturing ecosystem.
In this work, we investigated the influence of different etch depths of the rib waveguides on the performance of SiN-based AWGs. For this purpose, an 8-channel 100 GHz AWG was designed for a center wavelength of 850 nm. The design parameters entered were calculated using the AWG-Parameters tool. The simulations were performed with a commercial photonic tool PHASAR from Optiwave. The simulated performance was evaluated using the AWG-Analyzer tool. For the AWG design, we used three identical rib waveguides with different etch depths to simulate possible etch imperfection. The simulations show the wavelength shift and degradation of the AWG performance.
Kommunikation ist Begegnung
(2022)
Industrial demand side management has shown significant potential to increase the efficiency of industrial energy systems via flexibility management by model-driven optimization methods. We propose a grey-box model of an industrial food processing plant. The model relies on physical and process knowledge and mass and energy balances. The model parameters are estimated using a predictive error method. Optimization methods are applied to separately reduce the total energy consumption, total energy costs and the peak electricity demand of the plant. A viable potential for demand side management in the plant is identified by increasing the energy efficiency, shifting cooling power to low price periods or by peak load reduction.