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By a simple femtosecond laser process, we fabricated metal-oxide/gold composite films for electrical and optical gas sensors. We designed a dripple wavelength AWG-spectrometer, matched to the plasma absorption wavelength region of the composite films. H2/CO absorptions fit well with the AWG design for multi gas detection sensor arrays
This study presents different approaches to increase the sensing area of NiO based semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. Micro- and nanopatterned laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are generated on silicon and Si/SiO2 substrates. The surface morphologies of the fabricated samples are examined by FE SEM. We select the silicon samples with an intermediate Si3N4 layer due to its superior isolation quality over the thermal oxide for evaluating the hydrogen and acetone sensitivity of a NiO based test sensor.
Whether at the intramolecular or cellular scale in organisms, cell-cell adhesion adapt to external mechanical cues arising from the static environment of cells and from dynamic interactions between neighboring cells. Cell-cell adhesions need to resist detachment forces to secure the integrity and internal organization of organisms. In the past, various techniques have been developed to characterize adhesion properties of molecules and cells in vitro, and to understand how cells sense and probe their environment. Atomic force microscopy and dual-pipette aspiration, where cells are mainly present in suspension, are common methods for studying detachment forces of cell-cell adhesions. How cell-cell adhesion forces are developed for adherent and environment-adapted cells, however, is less clear. Here, we designed the Cell-Cell Separation Device (CC-SD), a microstructured substrate that measures both intercellular forces and external stresses of cells towards the matrix. The design is based on micropillar arrays originally designed for cell traction-force measurements. We designed PDMS micropillar-blocks, to which cells could adhere and be able to connect to each other across the gap. Controlled stretching of the whole substrate changed the distance between blocks and increased gap size. That allowed us to apply strains to cell-cell contacts, eventually leading to cell-cell adhesion detachment, which was measured by pillar deflections. The CC-SD provided an increase of the gap between the blocks of up to 2.4-fold, which was sufficient to separate substrate-attached cells with fully developed F-actin network. Simultaneously measured pillar deflections allowed us to address cellular response to the intercellular strain applied. The CC-SD thus opens up possibilities for the analysis of intercellular force detachments and sheds light on the robustness of cell-cell adhesions in dynamic processes in tissue development.
This paper presents design, simulation, and optimization of the three-dimensional 1×4 optical multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation engine of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 µm. According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the MMI coupler and the length of the whole MMI splitter structure were optimized applying a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 µm2. The objective of the study is to create a design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
Design, simulation, and optimization of the 1×4 optical three-dimensional multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding is demonstrated. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation module of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm . According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the splitter were optimized for a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 μm2 . The objective of the study is to create the design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
We present design of planar 16-channel, 100-GHz multi-mode polymer-based AWG. This AWG was designed for central wavelength of 1550 nm applying AWG-Parameters tool. The AWG structure was created and simulated in the commercial photonic tool PHASAR from Optiwave. Achieved transmission characteristics were evaluated by AWG-Analyzer tool. For the design, multi-mode waveguides having a cross-section of (4x4) µm2 were used. The simulated results show strong worsening of the transmission characteristics in comparison when using single-mode waveguides. Nevertheless, the transmitting channels are clearly separated. The reason for using thicker multi-mode waveguides in the design is possibility to fabricate the AWG structure on polymer basis using direct laser writing lithography.
Optoelectronic system based on photonic integrated circuits to miniaturize spectral domain OCT
(2023)
We present a miniaturized optical coherence tomography (OCT) setup based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) for the 850 nm range. We designed a 512-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) on a PIC for spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) that is co-integrated with PIN-photodiodes and analog-to-digital-converters on one single chip. This image sensor is combined with all the necessary electronics to act as a camera. It is integrated into a fiber-based OCT system, achieving a sensitivity of >80dB and various samples are imaged. This optoelectronic system will allow building small and cost-effective OCT systems to monitor retinal diseases.
The main aims of this work are the validation of the developed process of gluing a single-mode optical fiber array with a photonic chip and the selection of a more suitable adhesive from the two adhesives being compared. An active alignment system was used for adjusting the two optical fiber arrays to a photonics chip. The gluing was done by two compared UV curable adhesives applied in the optical path. The insertion losses of glued coupling were measured and investigated at two discrete wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm during temperature testing in the climatic chamber according to Telcordia GR_1209_Corei04 [3]. The measurement, investigation, and comparison of insertion losses of the glued coupling at the spectral band from 1530 nm to 1570 nm were done immediately after gluing process and after three temperature cycles in the climatic chamber with one month delay.
In this paper, a 256-channel, 10-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings demultiplexer for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing was designed using an in-house developed tool called AWG-Parameters. The AWG demultiplexer was designed for a central wavelength of 1550 nm and the structure was simulated in PHASAR tool from Optiwave. Two different AWG designs were developed and the influence of the design parameters on the AWG performance was studied.
Highly-sensitive single-step sensing of levodopa by swellable microneedle-mounted nanogap sensors
(2023)
Microneedle (MN) sensing of biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF) can overcome the challenges of self-diagnosis of diseases by a patient, such as blood sampling, handling, and measurement analysis. However, the MN sensing technologies still suffer from poor measurement accuracy due to the small amount of target molecules present in ISF, and require multiple steps of ISF extraction, ISF isolation from MN, and measurement with additional equipment. Here, we present a swellable MN-mounted nanogap sensor that can be inserted into the skin tissue, absorb ISF rapidly, and measure biomarkers in situ by amplifying the measurement signals by redox cycling in nanogap electrodes. We demonstrate that the MN-nanogap sensor measures levodopa (LDA), medication for Parkinson disease, down to 100 nM in an aqueous solution, and 1 μM in both the skin-mimicked gelatin phantom and porcine skin.