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Design, simulation, and optimization of the 1×4 optical three-dimensional multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding is demonstrated. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation module of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm . According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the splitter were optimized for a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 μm2 . The objective of the study is to create the design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
The paper deals with the optimization of 2x2 optical switch for photonic integrated circuits based on two 2x2 MMI splitters and two phase-modulators. The optical switch was modelled in the RSoftCAD with the simulation tool BeamPROP. The optimization was done to minimise the insertion losses and broaden the spectral band at 1550 nm by using linear tapers in a 2x2 MMI splitter topology. The 2x2 optical switch is a common element for creating more complex 1xN or NxN optical switches in all-optical signal processing.
Optical splitters are passive optical components, which have found applications in a wide range of telecom, sensing, medical and many other scientific areas.
Low-index contrast optical splitters (Silica-on-Silicon (SoS) based waveguide devices) feature many advantages such as low fiber coupling losses and low propagation losses. They are considered an attractive DWDM solution in the telecommunication for all optical signal processing in optical communication systems. Nowadays the steadily increasing data volume in communication networks is driven by a rapid proliferation of home-based and business computers, storage capacities, processing capabilities and the extensive availability of Internet. The challenge is to transfer high data volumes in short periods of time over high distances as lossless as possible. The task of the optical splitters in Fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) network is to split one optical signal in many identical signals bringing for example the same TV signal in different households. Of course, the more buildings can be served by one optical splitter the lower are the installation costs.
High-index contrast optical splitters (such as silicon, silicon nitride or polymer based waveguide devices) feature much smaller waveguide size compared to low index contrast splitters. Such compact devices can easily be implemented on-chip and have already been used in the development of optical sensors, devices for DNA diagnostics and for infrared spectroscopy.
We will present the latest achievements in the design of two mostly used optical splitters (MMI and Y-branch) and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, some applications of the splitters developed in the frame of various projects will be presented.
This work was carried out in the framework of the project PHOCOP (no. SK-AT-2017-0013) and NAMOPRISIN (no. SK-AT-2017-0005) from the Slovak research and development agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and SK 16/2018 and 15/2018 from OeAD-GmbH.