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Das Konzept der entscheidungsgetriebenen Organisation basiert auf der Tatsache, dass jede Aktivität entlang der arbeitsteiligen Wertschöpfung in einer Organisation1 im Kern auf Entscheidungen beruht, die aneinander anknüpfen.2 Jede Aktivität kann man vollziehen oder unterlassen, beide Möglichkeiten sind zunächst gleichgewichtig. Jede argumentative Begründung für eine Aktivität ist dabei zugleich eine Begründung gegen alle anderen, ebenso möglichen Aktivitäten. Da dies für alle wertschöpfenden Aktivitäten in einer Organisation gilt, werden Entscheidungen von jeder an der arbeitsteiligen Leistungserstellung beteiligten Person getroffen.
In this paper, we consider the question of data aggregation using the practical example of emissions data for economic activities for the sustainability assessment of regional bank clients. Given the current scarcity of company-specific emission data, an approximation relies on using available public data. These data are reported in different standards in different sources. To determine a mapping between the different standards, an adaptation to the Covariance Matrix Self-Adaptation Evolution Strategy is proposed. The obtained results show that high-quality mappings are found. Nevertheless, our approach is transferable to other data compatibility problems. These can be found in the merging of emissions data for other countries, or in bridging the gap between completely different data sets.
This study presents different approaches to increase the sensing area of NiO based semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. Micro- and nanopatterned laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are generated on silicon and Si/SiO2 substrates. The surface morphologies of the fabricated samples are examined by FE SEM. We select the silicon samples with an intermediate Si3N4 layer due to its superior isolation quality over the thermal oxide for evaluating the hydrogen and acetone sensitivity of a NiO based test sensor.
Zu Beginn wurde im eigenen beruflichen Umfeld beobachtet, dass Informationen und Wissen, die heutzutage im Arbeitsalltag in Fülle ausgetauscht werden, häufig nicht die gewünschte Aufmerksamkeit und Offenheit erhalten. Diese Masterarbeit untersucht, wie bei dieser Art von Beobachtungen, deren komplexe Natur die Identifizierung von Lösungsansätzen erschwert, das eigentliche Problem erkannt werden kann. Frederic Vester zufolge ermöglicht ein vernetztes Denken dabei, Erkenntnisse vor allem aus den miteinander verknüpften Faktoren zu gewinnen. Diese Denkweise lässt sich in einer systemischen wie auch einer transdisziplinären Betrachtungsweise finden, wobei diese der Herausforderung gegenüberstehen vielfältige Perspektiven auf das Problem miteinander in Einklang zu bringen. Dies wirft die Frage auf, inwiefern eine gestalterische Zwischeninstanz dazu beitragen kann, einen gemeinsamen Denkraum zu eröffnen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, einen Entwurfsvorschlag für die Gestaltung eines Erkenntnisprozesses zu erarbeiten. Der Forschungsansatz dieser Arbeit – (FÜR+ÜBER)DURCH – leitet sich aus Christopher Fraylings Kategorien zur Designforschung ab. Die ‚Recherche FÜR‘ führt dazu, ein Problem als ein System zu betrachten, für das Wolfgang Jonas ein Problem-Design vorschlägt. In der ‚Recherche ÜBER‘ zeigt sich, dass es explizites wie auch implizites Wissen für eine umfassende Problembetrachtung braucht. Dafür wurde die Spuren-sicherung der Kunst auf das Design übertragen, um vorhandenes Wissen visuell zu dokumentieren. Mit Charles S. Peirce visuelles Entwurfs- und Erkenntnisverfahren lässt sich zudem ein anschauliches Denken durch diagrammatisches Schlussfolgern fördern. Die theoretischen Erkenntnisse münden in der ‚Transformation DURCH‘ in einen Vorschlag für ein diagrammatisches Problem-Design. Diesen gilt es in Bezug zu dem praxisbasierten Gestaltungsentwurf aus dem Masterprojekt zu reflektieren. In einer Werkshalle wurden Prototypische Beobachtungen zum ‚Zusammenspiel von Aufmerksamkeit und Offenheit‘ physisch in Beziehung gesetzt und anschließend mit zwei Testgruppen daraufhin untersucht, ob sich daraus neue Erkenntnisse ergeben. Es zeigte sich, das Design auf diese Weise einen gemeinsamen Austausch fördern kann. Gleichzeitig wurde deutlich, dass der Gestaltungsprozess die Vernetztheit eines Problems darstellen kann, jedoch ein vernetztes Denken aktiv initiiert werden muss, wofür im Entwurfsvorschlag dieser Arbeit ein visuelles Verfahren vorgestellt wird.
Objectives: The MetabQoL 1.0 is the first disease-specific health related quality of life (HrQoL) questionnaire for patients with intoxication-type inherited metabolic disorders. Our aim was to assess the validity and reliability of the MetabQoL 1.0, and to investigate neuropsychiatric burden in our patient population. Methods: Data from 29 patients followed at a single center, aged between 8 and 18 years with the diagnosis of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA) or isovaleric acidemia (IVA), and their parents were included. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQoL) was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of MetabQoL 1.0.
Results: The MetabQoL 1.0 was shown to be valid and reliable (Cronbach's alpha: 0.64–0.9). Fourteen out of the 22 patients (63.6%) formally evaluated had neurological findings. Of note, 17 out of 20 patients (85%) had a psychiatric disorder when evaluated formally by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. The median mental scores of the MetabQoL 1.0 proxy report were significantly higher than those of the self report (p = 0.023). Patients with neonatal-onset disease had higher MetabQoL 1.0 proxy physical (p = 0.008), mental (p = 0.042), total scores (p = 0.022); and self report social (p = 0.007) and total scores (p = 0.043) than those with later onset disease.
Conclusions: This study continues to prove that the MetabQoL 1.0 is an effective tool to measure what matters in intoxication-type inherited metabolic disorders. Our results highlight the importance of clinical assessment complemented by patient reported outcomes which further expands the evaluation toolbox of inherited metabolic diseases.
In Bewegung kommen
(2023)
Armut im Blick?
(2023)
Power plant operators increasingly rely on predictive models to diagnose and monitor their systems. Data-driven prediction models are generally simple and can have high precision, making them superior to physics-based or knowledge-based models, especially for complex systems like thermal power plants. However, the accuracy of data-driven predictions depends on (1) the quality of the dataset, (2) a suitable selection of sensor signals, and (3) an appropriate selection of the training period. In some instances, redundancies and irrelevant sensors may even reduce the prediction quality.
We investigate ideal configurations for predicting the live steam production of a solid fuel-burning thermal power plant in the pulp and paper industry for different modes of operation. To this end, we benchmark four machine learning algorithms on two feature sets and two training sets to predict steam production. Our results indicate that with the best possible configuration, a coefficient of determination of R^2 = 0.95 and a mean absolute error of MAE=1.2 t/h with an average steam production of 35.1 t/h is reached. On average, using a dynamic dataset for training lowers MAE by 32% compared to a static dataset for training. A feature set based on expert knowledge lowers MAE by an additional 32 %, compared to a simple feature set representing the fuel inputs. We can conclude that based on the static training set and the basic feature set, machine learning algorithms can identify long-term changes. When using a dynamic dataset the performance parameters of thermal power plants are predicted with high accuracy and allow for detecting short-term problems.
Highly-sensitive single-step sensing of levodopa by swellable microneedle-mounted nanogap sensors
(2023)
Microneedle (MN) sensing of biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF) can overcome the challenges of self-diagnosis of diseases by a patient, such as blood sampling, handling, and measurement analysis. However, the MN sensing technologies still suffer from poor measurement accuracy due to the small amount of target molecules present in ISF, and require multiple steps of ISF extraction, ISF isolation from MN, and measurement with additional equipment. Here, we present a swellable MN-mounted nanogap sensor that can be inserted into the skin tissue, absorb ISF rapidly, and measure biomarkers in situ by amplifying the measurement signals by redox cycling in nanogap electrodes. We demonstrate that the MN-nanogap sensor measures levodopa (LDA), medication for Parkinson disease, down to 100 nM in an aqueous solution, and 1 μM in both the skin-mimicked gelatin phantom and porcine skin.
Organic acidurias (OAs), urea-cycle disorders (UCDs), and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) belong to the category of intoxication-type inborn errors of metabolism (IT-IEM). Liver transplantation (LTx) is increasingly utilized in IT-IEM. However, its impact has been mainly focused on clinical outcome measures and rarely on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of LTx on HrQoL in IT-IEMs. This single center prospective study involved 32 patients (15 OA, 11 UCD, 6 MSUD; median age at LTx 3.0 years, range 0.8–26.0). HRQoL was assessed pre/post transplantation by PedsQL-General Module 4.0 and by MetabQoL 1.0, a specifically designed tool for IT-IEM. PedsQL highlighted significant post-LTx improvements in total and physical functioning in both patients' and parents' scores. According to age at transplantation (≤3 vs. >3 years), younger patients showed higher post-LTx scores on Physical (p = 0.03), Social (p < 0.001), and Total (p =0.007) functioning. MetabQoL confirmed significant post-LTx changes in Total and Physical functioning in both patients and parents scores (p ≤ 0.009). Differently from PedsQL, MetabQoL Mental (patients p = 0.013, parents p = 0.03) and Social scores (patients p = 0.02, parents p = 0.012) were significantly higher post-LTx. Significant improvements (p = 0.001–0.04) were also detected both in self- and proxy-reports for almost all MetabQoL subscales. This study shows the importance of assessing the impact of transplantation on HrQoL, a meaningful outcome reflecting patients' wellbeing. LTx is associated with significant improvements of HrQol in both self- and parentreports. The comparison between PedsQL-GM and MetabQoL highlighted that MetabQoL demonstrated higher sensitivity in the assessment of diseasespecific domains than the generic PedsQL tool.
Long-Term outcome of infantile onset pompe disease patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy
(2024)
Background: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alglucosidase alfa (rhGAA) was approved in Europe in 2006. Nevertheless, data on the long-term outcome of infantile onset Pompe disease (IOPD) patients at school age is still limited.
Objective: We analyzed in detail cardiac, respiratory, motor, and cognitive function of 15 German-speaking patients aged 7 and older who started ERT at a median age of 5 months.
Results: Starting dose was 20 mg/kg biweekly in 12 patients, 20 mg/kg weekly in 2, and 40 mg/kg weekly in one patient. CRIM-status was positive in 13 patients (86.7%) and negative or unknown in one patient each (6.7%). Three patients (20%) received immunomodulation. Median age at last assessment was 9.1 (7.0–19.5) years. At last follow-up 1 patient (6.7%) had mild cardiac hypertrophy, 6 (42.9%) had cardiac arrhythmias, and 7 (46.7%) required assisted ventilation. Seven patients (46.7%) achieved the ability to walk independently and 5 (33.3%) were still ambulatory at last follow-up. Six patients (40%) were able to sit without support, while the remaining 4 (26.7%) were tetraplegic. Eleven patients underwent cognitive testing (Culture Fair Intelligence Test), while 4 were unable to meet the requirements for cognitive testing. Intelligence quotients (IQs) ranged from normal (IQ 117, 102, 96, 94) in 4 patients (36.4%) to mild developmental delay (IQ 81) in one patient (9.1%) to intellectual disability (IQ 69, 63, 61, 3x < 55) in 6 patients (54.5%). White matter abnormalities were present in 10 out of 12 cerebral MRIs from 7 patients.
Measuring what matters
(2023)
Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are generally defined as ‘any report of the status of a patient's health condition that comes directly from the patient, without interpretation of the patient's response by a clinician or anyone else’. A broader definition of PRO also includes ‘any information on the outcomes of health care obtained directly from patients without modification by clinicians or other health care professionals’. Following this approach, PROs encompass subjective perceptions of patients on how they function or feel not only in relation to a health condition but also to its treatment as well as concepts such as health-related quality of life (HrQoL), information on the functional status of a patient, signs and symptoms and symptom burden. PRO measurement instruments (PROMs) are mostly questionnaires and inform about what patients can do and how they feel. PROs and PROMs have not yet found unconditional acceptance and wide use in the field of inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarises the importance and usefulness of PROs in research, drug legislation and clinical care and informs about quality standards, development, and potential methodological shortfalls of PROMs. Inclusion of PROs measured with high-quality, well-selected PROMs into clinical care, drug legislation, and research helps to identify unmet needs, improve quality of care, and define outcomes that are meaningful to patients. The field of IEM should open to new methodological approaches such as the definition of core sets of variables including PROs to be systematically assessed in specific metabolic conditions and new collaborations with PRO experts, such as psychologists to facilitate the systematic collection of meaningful data.
Zu Beginn des Forschungsprojektes „Neue Museumswelten“ wollten wir von Studierenden der Studiengänge Bachelor und Master InterMedia an der Fachhochschule Vorarlberg wissen, was sie mit dem Begriff „Museum“ verbinden. „Museum? Da gehe ich nur im Urlaub hin. Aber hier in Vorarlberg nicht“, war eine geläufige Aussage, die auf ein bestimmtes mentales Modell von Museum verweist. Viele Studierenden gehören also der Gruppe der Gelegenheits- oder Nichtbesucher:innen an. Wie sich in weiterer Folge herausstellte, handelt es sich dabei um eine durchaus heterogene Gruppe, die jedoch auch Gemeinsamkeiten aufweist: Alle Menschen, mit denen wir bisher im Zuge des Forschungsprojekts im Stadtraum, auf Events und im Museum sprachen, spielten und Zukunftsvisionen entwickelten, brachten ihre eigenen Bilder, Vorstellungen und Ideen zu Museen und möglichen Museumszukünften mit. Der Untersuchung genau dieser Bilder und Vorstellungen – der mentalen Modelle von Museum also –, widmet sich das von Interreg geförderte Forschungsprojekt unter Einbindung vielfältiger Perspektiven und Methoden aus Sozialforschung und Design. Es verfolgt den innovativen Weg, „Designerly Ways of Knowing“0 von Beginn an konsequent in den Forschungsprozess zu integrieren, um anstrebenswerte Museumszukünfte gemeinsam mit den Menschen auszuloten...