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Due to the increasing trend of photonic element miniaturisation and the need for optical splitting, we propose and simulate a new type of three-dimensional (3D) optical splitter based on multimode interference (MMI) for the wavelength of 1550 nm. We present various designs and simulations of various parameters for the optimized MMI splitter. We focus on the possibility of its integration on an optical fiber. The design is focused on a possible production process using 3D laser lithography for the prepared experiments. The MMI splitter was prepared by laser lithography using direct writing process and finally investigated by output characterisation by the near-field measurement.
Femtosecond laser ablation on Si generates 2D ripple structures, known as laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and pinholes. We fabricated membranes with 20 to 50 μm thickness perforated by an array of tapered pinholes up to 5 μm in diameter and 10 to 20 μm spacing. Within several micrometer the pinholes transform into hollow photonic waveguides with constant diameter from 1μm to 2μm. Such structures offer a 3D photonic coupling device for polymer Y-branch- and MMI-splitter. We measured a considerable change of electrical resistivity for 500 ppm H2 in air using Si/SiO2/TiO2 substrates with 2D LIPSS. We propose to investigate 3D waveguide arrays also for photonic-chemical sensors.
We present design of planar 16-channel, 100-GHz multi-mode polymer-based AWG. This AWG was designed for central wavelength of 1550 nm applying AWG-Parameters tool. The AWG structure was created and simulated in the commercial photonic tool PHASAR from Optiwave. Achieved transmission characteristics were evaluated by AWG-Analyzer tool. For the design, multi-mode waveguides having a cross-section of (4x4) µm2 were used. The simulated results show strong worsening of the transmission characteristics in comparison when using single-mode waveguides. Nevertheless, the transmitting channels are clearly separated. The reason for using thicker multi-mode waveguides in the design is possibility to fabricate the AWG structure on polymer basis using direct laser writing lithography.
Introducing 3D sub-micrometer technologies based on polymers opened new possibilities of design and fabrication of photonic devices and components in 3D arrangement. 3D laser lithography is direct writing process based on two photon polymerization exhibiting high accuracy and versatility, where numerous resists and even polymer ceramic mixtures can be used. We present design and simulation of polymer based photonic components with a focus on arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) based on optical multiplexers/demultiplexers and optical splitters. All optical components were designed for 1550 nm operating wavelength, applying two commercial photonics tools. This study creates a basis for the design of optical components in 3D arrangement, which will be fabricated by 3D laser lithography.