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- photonics (5)
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In this paper, a 256-channel, 10-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings demultiplexer for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing was designed using an in-house developed tool called AWG-Parameters. The AWG demultiplexer was designed for a central wavelength of 1550 nm and the structure was simulated in PHASAR tool from Optiwave. Two different AWG designs were developed and the influence of the design parameters on the AWG performance was studied.
The paper shows concepts of optical splitting based on three dimensional (3D) optical splitters based on multimode interference principle. This paper is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of 3D MMI splitter with formed output waveguides based on IP-Dip polymer for direct application on optical fiber. The MMI optical splitter was simulated and fabricated using direct laser writing process. Output characteristics were characterized by highly resolved near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and compared with 3D MMI splitter without output waveguides.
In this paper, we document optical splitters based on Y-branch and also on MMI splitting principle. The 1×4 Y-branch splitter was prepared in 3D geometry fully from polymer approaching the single mode transmission at 1550 nm. We also prepared new concept of 1×4 MMI optical splitter. Their optical properties and character of output optical field were measured by near-field scanning optical microscope. Splitting properties and optical outputs of both splitters are very promising and increase an attractiveness of presented 3D technology and polymers.
A modified matrix adaptation evolution strategy with restarts for constrained real-world problems
(2020)
In combination with successful constraint handling techniques, a Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (MA-ES) variant (the εMAg-ES) turned out to be a competitive algorithm on the constrained optimization problems proposed for the CEC 2018 competition on constrained single objective real-parameter optimization. A subsequent analysis points to additional potential in terms of robustness and solution quality. The consideration of a restart scheme and adjustments in the constraint handling techniques put this into effect and simplify the configuration. The resulting BP-εMAg-ES algorithm is applied to the constrained problems proposed for the IEEE CEC 2020 competition on Real-World Single-Objective Constrained optimization. The novel MA-ES variant realizes improvements over the original εMAg-ES in terms of feasibility and effectiveness on many of the real-world benchmarks. The BP-εMAg-ES realizes a feasibility rate of 100% on 44 out of 57 real-world problems and improves the best-known solution in 5 cases.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen der Covid-Pandemie auf die Finanzierungssituation von Unternehmen in Vorarlberg. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf kleine und mittlere Unternehmen sowie deren Eigenkapitalausstattung gelegt. Die Analyse erfolgt anhand einer quantitativen Befragung von 569 Unternehmen im Zeitraum Ende Oktober/Anfang November 2021. Ein Großteil der befragten Unternehmen schätzt die Finanzierungssituation insgesamt als befriedigend oder besser ein. Eigenkapital wird die höchste Relevanz aller Finanzierungsquellen zugesprochen. Obwohl 39% der befragten Unternehmen eine Eigenkapitalerhöhung für Ihr Unternehmen als nötig erachten, haben aktuell nur 14% Überlegungen in diese Richtung. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass eine Beseitigung der steuerlichen Bevorzugung von Fremdkapital (Debt Bias) einen relevanten Anreiz für Eigenkapitalerhöhungen liefern könnte.
The usage of data gathered for Industry 4.0 and smart factory scenarios continues to be a problem for companies of all sizes. This is often the case because they aim to start with complicated and time-intensive Machine Learning scenarios. This work evaluates the Process Capability Analysis (PCA) as a pragmatic, easy and quick way of leveraging the gathered machine data from the production process. The area of application considered is injection molding. After describing all the required domain knowledge, the paper presents an approach for a continuous analysis of all parts produced. Applying PCA results in multiple key performance indicators that allow for fast and comprehensible process monitoring. The corresponding visualizations provide the quality department with a tool to efficiently choose where and when quality checks need to be performed. The presented case study indicates the benefit of analyzing whole process data instead of considering only selected production samples. The use of machine data enables additional insights to be drawn about process stability and the associated product quality.
The electricity demand due to the increasing number of EVs presents new challenges for the operation of the electricity network, especially for the distribution grids. The existing grid infrastructure may not be sufficient to meet the new demands imposed by the integration of EVs. Thus, EV charging may possibly lead to reliability and stability issues, especially during the peak demand periods. Demand side management (DSM) is a potential and promising approach for mitigation of the resulting impacts. In this work, we developed an autonomous DSM strategy for optimal charging of EVs to minimize the charging cost and we conducted a simulation study to evaluate the impacts to the grid operation. The proposed approach only requires a one way communicated incentive. Real profiles from an Austrian study on mobility behavior are used to simulate the usage of the EVs. Furthermore, real smart meter data are used to simulate the household base load profiles and a real low voltage grid topology is considered in the load flow simulation. Day-ahead electricity stock market prices are used as the incentive to drive the optimization. The results for the optimum charging strategy is determined and compared to uncontrolled EV charging. The results for the optimum charging strategy show a potential cost saving of about 30.8% compared to uncontrolled EV charging. Although autonomous DSM of EVs achieves a shift of load as pursued, distribution grid operation may be substantially affected by it. We show that in the case of real time price driven operation, voltage drops and elevated peak to average powers result from the coincident charging of vehicles during favourable time slots.
A new software tool, called AWG-Channel-Spacing, is developed to calculate accurate channel spacing of an arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) optical multiplexer/demultiplexer. This tool has been developed with the application framework QT in the programming language C++. The tool was evaluated with a design of 20-channel 200 GHz AWG. The achieved simulated transmission characteristics prove the correct functionality of the tool.