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Der Presse kam zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts eine außerordentlich wichtige Rolle in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen den politischen Lagern, Sozialdemokratie, Deutschnationalismus und Christlich-Soziale Bewegung zu. Jedes der drei Lager hatte ihm mal mehr mal weniger zugeordnete Zeitungen, die reichsweit erschienen oder kleinere Lokal- und Provinzblätter waren. Der Pius-Verein zur Unterstützung der katholischen Presse engagierte sich in dieser Auseinandersetzung für die Sache des politischen Katholizismus. Seine Methoden bestanden in der politischen Agitation und im Sammeln von Spenden für katholische Zeitungen. Im Kronland Tirol war einer der aktivsten Ableger des Pius-Vereins tätig, mit Ortsgruppen in fast jeder Gemeinde.
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(2019)
In this study, we carried out the structural and thermal characterization of a medical-grade poly (lactide) (PLA) by SEC, TGA, DSC, NMR, ICP-MS and Py-GC/MS. Moreover, we investigated the laser-induced degradation occurring when ultrashort laser pulses (ULP) were employed to cut extremely thin polymer films prepared by solvent-casting. ULP polymer cutting technology is an interesting manufacturing process for its advantages in potential medical applications. In fact, heat transmission to the region surrounding the cuts is limited, so that the incisions are precise and the effects on the regions around them are small. In this way, the need for post-processing is reduced and ULP cutting becomes interesting for industrial applications. However, degradation induced by ULP may occur and compromise the properties of the polymer samples. To investigate this possibility, portions of PLA films, ultrashort laser cut (ULC) and uncut, were analysed by SEC, DSC, NMR and FTIR. Furthermore, PLA oligomers were studied by ESI-MS. Both SEC and NMR showed a decrease in the molecular weight. FTIR, ESI-MS and NMR spectra revealed the presence of olefin end groups originated from a \beta-H transfer mechanism, induced by heat and/or light (Norrish II mechanism). Additionally, the inspection of the ESI mass spectra highlighted the cleavage of ester bonds related to the Norrish I type mechanism, undetected by the other techniques.