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This thesis aims to support the product development process. Therefore, an approach is developed, implemented as a prototype and evaluated, for automated solution space exploration of formally predefined design automation tasks holding the product knowledge of engineers. For this reason, a classification of product development tasks related to the representation of the mathematical model is evaluated based on the parameters defined in this thesis. In a second step, the mathematical model should be solved. A Solver is identified able to handle the given problem class.
Due to the context of this work, System Modelling Language (SysML) is chosen for the product knowledge formalisation. In the next step the given SysML model has to be translated into an object-oriented model. This translation is implemented by extracting information of a ".xml"-file using the XML Metadata Interchanging (XMI) standard. The information contained in the file is structured using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) profile for SysML. Afterwards a mathematical model in MiniZinc language is generated. MiniZinc is a mathematical modelling language interpretable by many different Solvers. The generated mathematical model is classified related to the Variable Type and Linearity of the Constraints and Objective of the generated mathematical model. The output is stored in a ".txt"-file.
To evaluate the functionality of the prototype, time consumption of the different performed procedures is measured. This data shows that models containing Continuous Variables need a longer time to be classified and optimised. Another observation shows that the transformation into an object-oriented model and the translation of this model into a mathematical representation are dependent on the number of SysML model elements. Using MiniZinc resulted in the restriction that models which use non-linear functions and Boolean Expressions cannot be solved. This is because the implementation of non-linear Solvers at MiniZinc is still in the development phase. An investigation of the optimally of the results, provided by the Solvers, was left for further work.
A novel calorimetric technique for the analysis of gas-releasing endothermic dissociation reactions
(2020)
Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to explore the of self-initiated expatriates prior to and during acculturation to life in a smaller periphery region such as Vorarlberg, Austria. By providing insights into their lived experience this research aims to fill in the gaps of missing information on motivators, success factors to adjustment, issues, and stressors, and more that SIEs experience when adjusting. Specifically, what items promote adjustment and what items hinder adjustment.
Findings: Developed a better understanding of how and what motivational factors lead to expatriation. Furthermore, that opportunities arise by chance. During acculturation, language factors (dialect), cultural differences act as stressors. While social support, and organizational support, learning of the language act as promoters of acculturation.
Further Research could be done including ethnicities, SIEs moving from developed to developing countries, adjustment in regions with dialect vs no dialect.
Key words: self-initiated expatriates, expatriation, acculturation, adjustment, promoting acculturation, hindering acculturation.
A rapid change to remote work during the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic allowed many organizations to roll out new collaboration platforms to rapidly digitalize their workflows and processes in order to continue operation. This sudden shift to remote work revealed to employees the potential benefits of working remotely in the form of additional flexibility and also showed the challenges and barriers organizations could face by introducing such a strategy. This thesis aims to uncover the key considerations that the organizations of the industrial sector in Vorarlberg need to consider establishing a remote work strategy. According to the results from the research, the Covid-19 pandemic was as a paradigm change for the interviewed decision makers about how they thought about remote work and how they transformed their respective organizations too continue to operate. After the initial phase of Covid-19 restrictions organizations started to experiment with a remote work strategy of their own, based on their past experiences. For now, most of the interviewed organizations use already different remote work concepts and evaluate which one suits best their needs. The main considerations as to why an organization introduced a remote work strategy are to be an attractive employer and to stay ahead in the search for new talent. Further by introducing a remote work strategy, organizations need to change their rules of collaboration, adapt their core values to fit a remote workplace and to introduce collaboration platforms which are designed to support a remote workforce.
Scrum has been a prominent project management framework for managing software development projects. The scrum team embodies values such as commitment, focus, respect, courage, and openness to develop trust, which serves as the foundation of the scrum framework. However, in recent years, scrum teams are shifting towards a work-from-home environment which is relatively new to most of them and known to present various challenges. Looking at the benefits of adhering to scrum values, this study aims to investigate the challenges scrum teams experience in adhering to scrum values while operating virtually, as well as to explore practical strategies to overcome the identified challenges, particularly during the storming stage of team development. This research employed a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews with scrum team members who have experience working in a virtual environment. Through qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews, this research identifies significant challenges within five main categories: communication, collaboration, interpersonal dynamics, the virtual work environment, and personal workspace issues. However, beyond the challenges, the study reveals practical strategies as well for successful team dynamics and higher efficiency. The strategies derived from team members' experiences are categorized into six categories: enhanced meeting management, leveraging in-person engagements, optimizing tools & technology, effective communication strategies, team-building, and nurturing a positive work culture.
An implementation approach of the gap navigation tree using the TurtleBot 3 Burger and ROS Kinetic
(2020)
The creation of a spatial model of the environment is an important task to allow the planning of routes through the environment. Depending on the number of sensor inputs different ways of creating a spatial environment model are possible. This thesis introduces an implementation approach of the Gap Navigation Tree which is aimed for usage with robots that have a limited amount of sensors. The Gap Navigation Tree is a tree structure based on depth discontinuities constructed from the data of a laser scanner. Using the simulated TurtleBot 3 Burger and ROS kinetic a framework is created that implements the theory of the Gap Navigation Tree. The framework is structured in a way that allows using different robots with different sensor types by separating the detection of depth discontinuities from the building and updating of the Gap Navigation Tree.
Skiing is one of the most popular winter sports in the world and especially in the alps. As the skiers enjoy their time on the slopes the most annoying thing that could happen is long waiting times at a lift. Unfortunately, because of climate changes, this happens more regularly because smaller skiing areas at lower altitudes have to close and the number of good skiing days decreases as well. This leads to a increase in the number of skiers in the skiing areas which inevitably leads to longer waiting times and dissatisfied skiers. To prevent this from happening, the carriers of the skiing areas have to manage the skiers flow and distribution and what better way to analyse the current situation and possible changes then by simulating the whole area. A simulation has the advantage of being flexible with regards to time as well as configuration. Be it simulating a skiing day and look into detail of the behaviour of a single skier and how it moves in the area by simulating in real time or setting the focus to the whole area and find out when and where queues are forming throughout the whole day by speeding up the time and simulate the day in only seconds, everything is possible. Even simulating a scenario where some part of the area is closed and the skiers cannot take specific lifts due to some technical error or some slopes because of to less snow. By simulating and analysing all these scenarios not only does the experts of the skiing area gain valuable statistical information about the area but can also simulate changes to the system like a crowd fl ow control or an increase or decrease in capacity of a lift. The simulation built in context with this work for the skiing area of Mellau shows all those applications but can also be used as a basis for further improvements of the skiing area or be expanded to other areas like Damüls. The simulation was implemented using the Anylogic simulation environment and the statistical evaluation was also performed in this program.
This master’s thesis provides an overview of a more efficient, future-oriented living concept in Dornbirn, Austria. The use of a combined heat and power unit (CHP), in combination with a thermal storage, as a heating system is specifically investigated. In order to make this heating system more attractive for the consumer, the sale of the generated electricity from the CHP is considered. The more efficient use of energy for heating increases the attractiveness by a minimisation of the living space. This master’s thesis aims to draw attention to the issue and to achieve a rethinking in the planning of future living space. For the research and elaboration of this thesis, statistics and trustworthy literature were used, and physical modelling was applied. This Master’s thesis can be assigned to the fields of energy technology, mechatronics, architecture and civil engineering. It contributes for students, researchers, and other interested person in these sectors.
The demand for managing data across multiple domains for product creation is steadily increasing. Model-Driven Systems Engineering (MDSE) is a solution for this problem. With MDSE, domain-specific data is formalized inside a model with a custom language, for example, the Unified Modelling Language (UML). These models can be created with custom editors, and specialized domains can be integrated with extensions to UML, e.g., the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). The most dominant editor in the open-source sector is Eclipse Papyrus SysML 1.6 (Papyrus), an editor to create SysML diagrams for MDSE.
In the pursuit of creating a model and diagrams, the editor does not support the user appropriately or even hinders them. Therefore, paradigms from the diagram modelling and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) domains, as well as perceptual and design theory, are applied to create an editor prototype from scratch. The changes fall into the categories of hierarchy, aid in the diagram composition, and navigation. The prototype is compared with Papyrus in a user test to determine if the changes have the effect of improving usability.
The study involved 10 participants with different knowledge levels of UML, ranging from beginners to experts. Each participant was tested on a navigation and modelling task in both the newly created editor, named Modelling Studio, and Papyrus. The study was evaluated through a questionnaire and analysis of the diagrams produced by the tasks.
The findings are that Modelling Studio’s changes to the hierarchical elements improved their rating. Furthermore, aid for diagram composition could be reinforced by changes to the alignment helper tool and adjustments to the default arrow behaviour of a diagram. Lastly, model navigation adjustments improve a link’s visibility and rating of a specialized link (best practice). The introduction of breadcrumbs had limited success in bettering navigation usability. The prototype deployed a broad spectrum of changes that found improvement already, which can, however, be further improved and tested more thoroughly.
Zeros can cause many issues in data analysis and dealing with them requires specialized procedures. We differentiate between rounded zeros, structural zeros and missing values. Rounded zeros occur when the true value of a variable is hidden because of a detection limit in whatever mechanism was used to acquire the data. Structural zeros are values which are truly zero, often coming about due to a hidden mechanism separate from the one which generates values greater than 0. Missing values are values that are completely missing for unknown or known reasons. This thesis outlines various methods for dealing with different kinds of zeros in different contexts. Many of these methods are very specific in their ideal usecase. They are separated based on which kind of zero they are intended for and if they are better suited for compositional or for standard data.
For rounded zeros we impute the zeros with an estimated value below the detection limit. The author describes multiplicative replacement, a simple procedure that imputes values at a fixed fraction of the detection limit. As a more advanced technique, the author describes Kaplan Meier smoothing spline replacement, which interpolates a spline on a Kaplan Meier curve and uses the spline below the detection limit to impute values in a more natural distribution. Rounded zeros cannot be imputed with the same techniques that would be used for regular missing values, since there is more information available on the true value of a rounded zero than there would be for a regular missing value.
Structural zeros cannot be imputed since they are a true zero. Imputing them would falsify their values and produce a value where there should be none. Because of this, we apply modelling techniques that can work around structural zeros and incorporate them. For standard data, the zero inflated Poisson model is presented. This model utilizes a mixture of a logistic and a Poisson distribution to accurately model data with a large amount of structural zeros. While the Poisson distribution is only applicable to count data, the zero inflation concept can be applied to different kinds of distributions. For compositional data, the zero adjusted Dirichlet model is introduced. This model mixes Dirichlet distributions for every pattern of zeros found within the data. Non-algorithmic techniques to reduce the amount of structural zeros present are also shown. These techniques being amalgamation, which combines columns with structural zeros into more broad descriptors and classification, which changes columns into categorical values based on a structural zero being present or not.
Missing values are values that are completely missing for various known or unknown reasons. Different imputation techniques are introduced. For standard data, MissForest imputation is introduced, which utilizes a RandomForest regression to impute mixed type missing values. Another imputation technique shown utilizes both a genetic algorithm and a neural network to impute values based on the genetic algorithm minimizing the error of an autoencoder neural network. In the case of compositional data, knn imputation is presented, which utilizes the knn concept also found in knn clustering to impute the values based on the closest samples with a value available.
All of these methods are explained and demonstrated to give readers a guide to finding the suitable methods to use in different scenarios.
The thesis also provides a general guide on dealing with zeros in data, with decision flowcharts and more detailed descriptions for both compositional and standard data being presented. General tips on getting better results when zeros are involved are also given and explained. This general guide was then applied to a dataset to show it in action.