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Daten im B2B-Ökosystem teilen und nutzen: Wie KMU Voraussetzungen schaffen und Hürden überwinden
(2024)
«Big Data» haben ein großes Potenzial, um die Wertschöpfung effizienter zu gestalten oder um Innovationen hervorzubringen. Daten werden oft an der Schnittstelle zwischen mehreren Akteuren in Business-to-Business-Ökosystemen generiert und sie müssen zwischen den Akteuren geteilt werden. Unternehmen tun sich jedoch schwer damit, Daten in Werte zu transferieren und die Daten im Ökosystem zu teilen. Ursächlich sind weniger technische Gründe als organisationale Rahmenbedingungen. Der Beitrag identifiziert fünf Perspektiven, die Hürden und Voraussetzungen in diesem Prozess darstellen: (1) eine datengetriebene Organisationskultur, (2) Vertrauen zwischen den Akteuren, (3) die Konkretisierung des Wertes von Daten, (4) Datensicherheit und (5) rechtliche und Governance-Aspekte. Eine Fallstudie eines typischen Daten-Ökosystems um ein produzierendes KMU konkretisiert diese Voraussetzungen und Hürden. Es zeigt sich, dass sich Unternehmen, die Daten im Ökosystem teilen möchten, ganzheitlich verändern müssen.
Das Konzept der entscheidungsgetriebenen Organisation basiert auf der Tatsache, dass jede Aktivität entlang der arbeitsteiligen Wertschöpfung in einer Organisation1 im Kern auf Entscheidungen beruht, die aneinander anknüpfen.2 Jede Aktivität kann man vollziehen oder unterlassen, beide Möglichkeiten sind zunächst gleichgewichtig. Jede argumentative Begründung für eine Aktivität ist dabei zugleich eine Begründung gegen alle anderen, ebenso möglichen Aktivitäten. Da dies für alle wertschöpfenden Aktivitäten in einer Organisation gilt, werden Entscheidungen von jeder an der arbeitsteiligen Leistungserstellung beteiligten Person getroffen.
Signatures of the optical stark effect on entangled photon pairs from resonantly-pumped quantum dots
(2023)
Two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton-exciton cascade in a quantum dot generates highly polarization-entangled photon pairs in a near-deterministic way. However, the ultimate level of achievable entanglement is still debated. Here, we observe the impact of the laser-induced ac-Stark effect on the quantum dot emission spectra and on entanglement. For increasing pulse-duration-to-lifetime ratios and pump powers, decreasing values of concurrence are recorded. Nonetheless, additional contributions are still required to fully account for the observed below-unity concurrence.
Strain-induced dynamic control over the population of quantum emitters in two-dimensional materials
(2023)
The discovery of quantum emitters in two-dimensional materials has triggered a surge of research to assess their suitability for quantum photonics. While their microscopic origin is still the subject of intense studies, ordered arrays of quantum emitters are routinely fabricated using static strain-gradients, which are used to drive excitons toward localized regions of the 2D crystals where quantum-light-emission takes place. However, the possibility of using strain in a dynamic fashion to control the appearance of individual quantum emitters has never been explored so far. In this work, we tackle this challenge by introducing a novel hybrid semiconductor-piezoelectric device in which WSe2 monolayers are integrated onto piezoelectric pillars delivering both static and dynamic strains. Static strains are first used to induce the formation of quantum emitters, whose emission shows photon anti-bunching. Their excitonic population and emission energy are then reversibly controlled via the application of a voltage to the piezoelectric pillar. Numerical simulations combined with drift-diffusion equations show that these effects are due to a strain-induced modification of the confining-potential landscape, which in turn leads to a net redistribution of excitons among the different quantum emitters. Our work provides relevant insights into the role of strain in the formation of quantum emitters in 2D materials and suggests a method to switch them on and off on demand.
Synthetic polymers, such as polyamide (PA), inherently possess a moderate number of surface functionalities compared to natural polymers, which negatively impacts the uniformity of metallic coatings obtained through wet-chemical methods like electroless plating. The paper presents the use of a siloxane interlayer formed from the condensation of the hydrolyzed 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA) precursor as a strategy to modify the surface properties of polyamide 6.6 (PA66) fabrics and improve the uniformity of the copper surface coating. The application of the siloxane intermediate coating demonstrates a significant improvement in electrical conductivity, up to 20 times higher than fabrics without the interlayer. The morphology of the coatings was investigated using scanning electron (SEM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LSM). In addition, dye adsorption, flexural rigidity, air permeability and contact angle measurements were conducted to monitor the change in the PA66 properties after the siloxane functionalization.
Experimental multi-state quantum discrimination in the frequency domain with quantum dot light
(2022)
The quest for the realization of effective quantum state discrimination strategies is of great interest for quantum information technology, as well as for fundamental studies. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new and more efficient methods to implement discrimination protocols for quantum states. Among the others, single photon implementations are more advisable, because of their inherent security advantage in quantum communication scenarios. In this work, we present the experimental realization of a protocol employing a time-multiplexing strategy to optimally discriminate among eight non-orthogonal states, encoded in the four-dimensional Hilbert space spanning both the polarization degree of freedom and photon energy. The experiment, built on a custom-designed bulk optics analyser setup and single photons generated by a nearly deterministic solid-state source, represents a benchmarking example of minimum error discrimination with actual quantum states, requiring only linear optics and two photodetectors to be realized. Our work paves the way for more complex applications and delivers a novel approach towards high-dimensional quantum encoding and decoding operations.
A quantum-light source that delivers photons with a high brightness and a high degree of entanglement is fundamental for the development of efficient entanglement-based quantum-key distribution systems. Among all possible candidates, epitaxial quantum dots are currently emerging as one of the brightest sources of highly entangled photons. However, the optimization of both brightness and entanglement currently requires different technologies that are difficult to combine in a scalable manner. In this work, we overcome this challenge by developing a novel device consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a circular Bragg resonator, in turn, integrated onto a micromachined piezoelectric actuator. The resonator engineers the light-matter interaction to empower extraction efficiencies up to 0.69(4). Simultaneously, the actuator manipulates strain fields that tune the quantum dot for the generation of entangled photons with fidelities up to 0.96(1). This hybrid technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of the key rates that plague current approaches to entanglement-based quantum key distribution and entanglement-based quantum networks. Introduction
Beyond the Four-Level Model: Dark and Hot States in Quantum Dots Degrade Photonic Entanglement
(2023)
Entangled photon pairs are essential for a multitude of quantum photonic applications. To date, the best performing solid-state quantum emitters of entangled photons are semiconductor quantum dots operated around liquid-helium temperatures. To favor the widespread deployment of these sources, it is important to explore and understand their behavior at temperatures accessible with compact Stirling coolers. Here we study the polarization entanglement among photon pairs from the biexciton–exciton cascade in GaAs quantum dots at temperatures up to ∼65 K. We observe entanglement degradation accompanied by changes in decay dynamics, which we ascribe to thermal population and depopulation of hot and dark states in addition to the four levels relevant for photon pair generation. Detailed calculations considering the presence and characteristics of the additional states and phonon-assisted transitions support the interpretation. We expect these results to guide the optimization of quantum dots as sources of highly entangled photons at elevated temperatures.
In this paper, we consider the question of data aggregation using the practical example of emissions data for economic activities for the sustainability assessment of regional bank clients. Given the current scarcity of company-specific emission data, an approximation relies on using available public data. These data are reported in different standards in different sources. To determine a mapping between the different standards, an adaptation to the Covariance Matrix Self-Adaptation Evolution Strategy is proposed. The obtained results show that high-quality mappings are found. Nevertheless, our approach is transferable to other data compatibility problems. These can be found in the merging of emissions data for other countries, or in bridging the gap between completely different data sets.
HINTERGRUND: Gesundheitsförderungsforschung und ‐ausbildung sind zentrale Hebel für Kapazitätsentwicklung und Voraussetzungen für eine qualitätsgesicherte Gesundheitsförderungspraxis. Das Kompetenzzentrum Zukunft Gesundheitsförderung im Fonds Gesundes Österreich hat als eine Aufgabe, Capacity Building für Gesundheitsförderung (GF) in Österreich zu unterstützen und weiterzuentwickeln. Das Diskussionspapier widmet sich der Frage, welche Maßnahmen es braucht, um die Ausbildung und Forschung in Österreich weiterzuentwickeln und zu stärken. ***METHODE: Aufbauend auf der Fallstudie zu Forschungsaktivitäten an (Privat‐)Universitäten, FHs, außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen sowie Aktivitäten im Bereich Ausbildung zu einzelnen tertiären Studienangeboten mit explizitem GF‐Bezug (Plunger/Wahl 2023; Wahl/Plunger 2023) wurden mit Expertinnen und Experten aus den Bereichen Ausbildung, Forschung und Praxis im Rahmen von drei Workshops und zwei schriftlichen Feedbackschleifen Entwicklungsperspektiven zur Gesundheitsförderungsausbildung und ‐forschung entwickelt. ***ERGEBNISSE: Im Diskussionspapier wurden für die Bereiche Ausbildung und Forschung jeweils drei zentrale Entwicklungsperspektiven benannt und hinsichtlich eines Zielbilds, des Nutzens und der Realisierungsmöglichkeiten beschrieben: Im Bereich Ausbildung sind das die Stärkung der Vernetzung der Ausbildungs‐, Forschungs‐ und Praxiseinrichtungen, die Entwicklung und Etablierung von Kernkompetenzen in der Gesundheitsförderung und die (Weiter‐)Entwicklung spezialisierter Ausbildungsangebote und Lehrformate für Gesundheitsförderung. Für den Bereich Forschung sind das die Stärkung langfristiger finanzieller Ressourcen, die Stärkung von Strukturen für die Verbindung von Forschung, Policy und Praxis sowie die Stärkung von (Nachwuchs‐)Wissenschaftlerinnen, (Nachwuchs‐)Wissenschaftlern und des Forschungsumfelds für Gesundheitsförderungsforschung. Die einzelnen Perspektiven sind zum Teil eng miteinander verbunden und können einander stärken. Übergreifend braucht es sowohl für die Ausbildung als auch für die Forschung Advocacy‐Arbeit und Sensibilisierungsarbeit unter Expertinnen, Experten, Entscheidungsträgerinnen und ‐trägern sowie ausreichend finanzielle Ressourcen und Rahmenbedingungen, die die beschriebenen Entwicklungen ermöglichen. Die konkreten Inhalte der Entwicklungsperspektiven sollen in Zukunft unter Einbindung aller relevanten (inter‐)nationalen Akteurinnen und Akteure gestaltet werden.
This study presents different approaches to increase the sensing area of NiO based semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. Micro- and nanopatterned laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are generated on silicon and Si/SiO2 substrates. The surface morphologies of the fabricated samples are examined by FE SEM. We select the silicon samples with an intermediate Si3N4 layer due to its superior isolation quality over the thermal oxide for evaluating the hydrogen and acetone sensitivity of a NiO based test sensor.
Objectives: The MetabQoL 1.0 is the first disease-specific health related quality of life (HrQoL) questionnaire for patients with intoxication-type inherited metabolic disorders. Our aim was to assess the validity and reliability of the MetabQoL 1.0, and to investigate neuropsychiatric burden in our patient population. Methods: Data from 29 patients followed at a single center, aged between 8 and 18 years with the diagnosis of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA) or isovaleric acidemia (IVA), and their parents were included. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQoL) was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of MetabQoL 1.0.
Results: The MetabQoL 1.0 was shown to be valid and reliable (Cronbach's alpha: 0.64–0.9). Fourteen out of the 22 patients (63.6%) formally evaluated had neurological findings. Of note, 17 out of 20 patients (85%) had a psychiatric disorder when evaluated formally by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. The median mental scores of the MetabQoL 1.0 proxy report were significantly higher than those of the self report (p = 0.023). Patients with neonatal-onset disease had higher MetabQoL 1.0 proxy physical (p = 0.008), mental (p = 0.042), total scores (p = 0.022); and self report social (p = 0.007) and total scores (p = 0.043) than those with later onset disease.
Conclusions: This study continues to prove that the MetabQoL 1.0 is an effective tool to measure what matters in intoxication-type inherited metabolic disorders. Our results highlight the importance of clinical assessment complemented by patient reported outcomes which further expands the evaluation toolbox of inherited metabolic diseases.
In Bewegung kommen
(2023)
Armut im Blick?
(2023)
Whether at the intramolecular or cellular scale in organisms, cell-cell adhesion adapt to external mechanical cues arising from the static environment of cells and from dynamic interactions between neighboring cells. Cell-cell adhesions need to resist detachment forces to secure the integrity and internal organization of organisms. In the past, various techniques have been developed to characterize adhesion properties of molecules and cells in vitro, and to understand how cells sense and probe their environment. Atomic force microscopy and dual-pipette aspiration, where cells are mainly present in suspension, are common methods for studying detachment forces of cell-cell adhesions. How cell-cell adhesion forces are developed for adherent and environment-adapted cells, however, is less clear. Here, we designed the Cell-Cell Separation Device (CC-SD), a microstructured substrate that measures both intercellular forces and external stresses of cells towards the matrix. The design is based on micropillar arrays originally designed for cell traction-force measurements. We designed PDMS micropillar-blocks, to which cells could adhere and be able to connect to each other across the gap. Controlled stretching of the whole substrate changed the distance between blocks and increased gap size. That allowed us to apply strains to cell-cell contacts, eventually leading to cell-cell adhesion detachment, which was measured by pillar deflections. The CC-SD provided an increase of the gap between the blocks of up to 2.4-fold, which was sufficient to separate substrate-attached cells with fully developed F-actin network. Simultaneously measured pillar deflections allowed us to address cellular response to the intercellular strain applied. The CC-SD thus opens up possibilities for the analysis of intercellular force detachments and sheds light on the robustness of cell-cell adhesions in dynamic processes in tissue development.
Why do some countries assign a major role to wind energy in decarbonizing their electricity systems, while others are much less committed to this technology? We argue that processes of (de-)legitimation, driven by discourse coalitions who strategically employ certain storylines in public debates, provide part of the answer. To illustrate our approach, we comparatively investigate public discourses surrounding wind energy in Austria and Switzerland, two countries that differ strongly in wind energy deployment. By combining a qualitative content analysis and a discourse network analysis of 808 newspaper articles published 2010–2020, we identify four distinct sets of storylines used to either delegitimize or legitimize the technology. Our study indicates that low deployment rates in Switzerland can be related to the prominence of delegitimizing storylines in the public discourse, which result in a rather low socio-political acceptance of wind energy. In Austria, by contrast, there is more consistent support for wind energy by discourse coalitions using a broad set of legitimizing storylines. By bridging the related but separate literatures of technology legitimacy and social acceptance, our study contributes to a better understanding of socio-political conflict and divergence in low-carbon technological pathways.
A step change is needed in the deployment of renewable energy if the triple challenge of ensuring climate change mitigation, energy security, and energy affordability is to be met. Yet, social acceptance of infrastructure projects and policies remains a key concern. While there has been decades of fruitful research on the social acceptance of wind energy and other renewables, much of the extant research is cross-sectional in nature, failing to capture the important dynamic processes that can make or break renewable energy projects. This paper introduces a Special Issue of Energy Policy which focuses on the neglected topic of the dynamics of social acceptance of renewable energy, drawing on contributions made at an international research conference held in St. Gallen (Switzerland) in June 2022. In addition to introducing these papers and drawing out common themes, we also seek to offer some conceptual clarity on the issue of dynamics in social acceptance, taking into account the influence of time, power, and scale in shaping decision-making processes. We conclude by highlighting a number of avenues of potential future research.