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The paper shows concepts of optical splitting based on three dimensional (3D) optical splitters based on multimode interference principle. This paper is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of 3D MMI splitter with formed output waveguides based on IP-Dip polymer for direct application on optical fiber. The MMI optical splitter was simulated and fabricated using direct laser writing process. Output characteristics were characterized by highly resolved near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and compared with 3D MMI splitter without output waveguides.
In this paper, we document optical splitters based on Y-branch and also on MMI splitting principle. The 1×4 Y-branch splitter was prepared in 3D geometry fully from polymer approaching the single mode transmission at 1550 nm. We also prepared new concept of 1×4 MMI optical splitter. Their optical properties and character of output optical field were measured by near-field scanning optical microscope. Splitting properties and optical outputs of both splitters are very promising and increase an attractiveness of presented 3D technology and polymers.
Traditional power grids are mainly based on centralized power generation and subsequent distribution. The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and the growing number of electrical loads is creating difficulties in balancing supply and demand and threatens the secure and efficient operation of power grids. At the same time, households hold an increasing amount of flexibility, which can be exploited by demand-side management to decrease customer cost and support grid operation. Compared to the collection of individual flexibilities, aggregation reduces optimization complexity, protects households’ privacy, and lowers the communication effort. In mathematical terms, each flexibility is modeled by a set of power profiles, and the aggregated flexibility is modeled by the Minkowski sum of individual flexibilities. As the exact Minkowski sum calculation is generally computationally prohibitive, various approximations can be found in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is a comparative evaluation of several approximation algorithms in terms of novel quality criteria, computational complexity, and communication effort using realistic data. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of selected comparison criteria on the time horizon length and on the number of households. Our results indicate that none of the algorithms perform satisfactorily in all categories. Hence, we provide guidelines on the application-dependent algorithm choice. Moreover, we demonstrate a major drawback of some inner approximations, namely that they may lead to situations in which not using the flexibility is impossible, which may be suboptimal in certain situations.
Alles bleibt anders? Profession und Disziplin Sozialer Arbeit im Kontext der Covid-19-Pandemie
(2022)
Alles muss raus
(2022)
Bubble column humidifiers (BCHs) are frequently used for the humidification of air in various water treatment applications. A potential but not yet profoundly investigated application of such devices is the treatment of oily wastewater. To evaluate this application, the accumulation of an oil-water emulsion using a BCH is experimentally analyzed. The amount of evaporating water vapor can be evaluated by measuring the humidity ratio of the outlet air. However, humidity measurements are difficult in close to saturated conditions, as the formation of liquid droplets on the sensor impacts the measurement accuracy. We use a heating section after the humidifier, such that no liquid droplets are formed on the sensor. This enables us a more accurate humidity measurement. Two batch measurement runs are conducted with (1) tap water and (2) an oil-water emulsion as the respective liquid phase. The humidity measurement in high humidity conditions is highly accurate with an error margin of below 3 % and can be used to predict the oil concentration of the remaining liquid during operation. The measured humidity ratio corresponds with the removed amount of water vapor for both tap water and the accumulation of an oil-water emulsion. Our measurements show that the residual water content
in the oil-water emulsion is below 4 %.
Arbeitspaket 3: Ausschöpfung des Innovationspotentials von smarten Technologien - FH Vorarlberg
(2022)
Anhand von empirischem Material aus zwei Forschungsprojekten gibt die Broschüre Einblick in zentrale Harausforderungen, die sich in der pädagogischen Praxis beim Umgang mit (Kinder-)Armut stellen. Die Broschüre vermittelt relevantes Wissen über Armut als gesamtgesellschaftliches Problem. Zudem setzt sie Impulse für die Entwicklung einer kritsch-reflexiven Perspektive auf die Arbeit mit armutserfahrenen Kindern, Eltern und Familien.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen der Covid-Pandemie auf die Finanzierungssituation von Unternehmen in Vorarlberg. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf kleine und mittlere Unternehmen sowie deren Eigenkapitalausstattung gelegt. Die Analyse erfolgt anhand einer quantitativen Befragung von 569 Unternehmen im Zeitraum Ende Oktober/Anfang November 2021. Ein Großteil der befragten Unternehmen schätzt die Finanzierungssituation insgesamt als befriedigend oder besser ein. Eigenkapital wird die höchste Relevanz aller Finanzierungsquellen zugesprochen. Obwohl 39% der befragten Unternehmen eine Eigenkapitalerhöhung für Ihr Unternehmen als nötig erachten, haben aktuell nur 14% Überlegungen in diese Richtung. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass eine Beseitigung der steuerlichen Bevorzugung von Fremdkapital (Debt Bias) einen relevanten Anreiz für Eigenkapitalerhöhungen liefern könnte.
A new software tool, called AWG-Channel-Spacing, is developed to calculate accurate channel spacing of an arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) optical multiplexer/demultiplexer. This tool has been developed with the application framework QT in the programming language C++. The tool was evaluated with a design of 20-channel 200 GHz AWG. The achieved simulated transmission characteristics prove the correct functionality of the tool.