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Seit einigen Jahren beschäftigen sich immer mehr Autor*innen mit der Frage, welche Handreichungen Mitarbeitende im Gesundheitssystem brauchen, um adäquater auf die Bedürfnisse älterer LGBTQI* Personen einzugehen, deren (pflegerische) Anliegen nicht erkannt werden, von schwer zu überwindenden Barrieren im Gesundheitssystem berichten und die sich diskriminiert fühlen. Der Fokus der Publikationen liegt auf der sexuellen Orientierung und / oder der Genderidentität, einem Teilaspekt der Identität einer Person. Je nach Kontext und Personen sind andere Teilidentitäten, wie z.B. Familienstatus, Alter, Ethnizität, Teilhabe an sozialen Gruppen unterschiedlich stark berücksichtigt. In einer qualitativen Studie wurden, unter Integration der autoethnographischen Methode, acht Männer zwischen 53 und 75 Jahren aus den Niederlanden und Deutschland in autobiografischen-narrativen Interviews befragt, inwiefern die Coronapandemie ihre Vorstellungen vom gesunden Altern verändert hat. Alle Männer hatten komplexe Biografien, gekennzeichnet von Partnerverlust, Arbeitslosigkeit, Altersfragen, familiären und gesundheitlichen Herausforderungen neben anderen identitätsstiftenden Faktoren. Aber alle identifizierten sich seit ihrer Jugend mit ihrer sexuellen oder Genderidentität, hatten aus vielen Krisen gelernt und sorgten mit einem für sich klaren Management, dass sie auch im Alter gesund bleiben würden – Autonomie stand hoch im Kurs! Die Person nicht nur auf die Zugehörigkeit zur LGBTQI* Gruppe zu reduzieren, sondern in ihrer gesamten Identität in den Gesundheitseinrichtungen zu berücksichtigen kennzeichnet eine adäquate Pflege.
Greater specific energy densities in lithium-ion batteries can be achieved by using three-dimensional (3D) porous current collectors, which allow for greater areal mass loadings of the electroactive material. In this paper, we present the use of embroidered current collectors for the preparation of thick, pouch-type Li-ion batteries. Experiments were performed on LiFePO 4 (LFP) water-based slurries using styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as binder and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as thickener, and formulations of different rheological characteristics were investigated. The electrochemical performance (cyclic voltammetry, rate capability) and morphological characteristics of the LFP half-pouch cells (X-ray micro computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy) were compared between the formulations. An optimum electrode formulation was identified, and a mechanism is proposed to explain differences between the formulations. With the optimum electrode formulation, 350 µm casted electrodes with high mechanical stability were achieved. Electrodes exhibited 4–6 times greater areal mass loadings (4–6 mAh cm −2 ) and 50% greater electroactive material weight than with foils. In tests of half- and full-pouch embroidered cells, a 50% capacity utilization at 1C-rate and 11% at 2C-rate were observed, with a full recovery at C/5-rate. The cycling stability was also maintained over 55 cycles.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is a human rights framework in the context of multi-level governance child protection policies central to social work education and practice (United Nations, 1989). In line with this statement, children’s rights-based education introduces undergraduate social work students to the principles of the CRC, namely participation, protection, harm prevention and provision, to facilitate knowledge acquisition by building core competencies for critical practice (IFSW, 2002). It equips social workers with analytical and advocacy skills that foster critical thinking and creativity in the juxtaposition between child protection, autonomy and self-determination.
This chapter provides insights for social work education to locate and analyse the underlying casualties of social problems using a problem and resource framework, the w-questions (Geiser, 2015). The framework is used to develop theory driven social work interventions as illustrated against the backdrop the anonymised case study, Amira, an accompanied child asylum seeker in Austria (Fritsche, Glawischnig, & Wolfsegg, 2019). Correspondingly, CRC is addressed along a continuum between human needs fulfilment and human right entitlements (Obrecht, 2009; IFSW, 2002; Ife, 2012). The concept of need is understood as tension in our concrete biological and psychological bio-values and states (Obrecht, 2009, p. 27). The assertion is that when children lack support or are obstructed from achieving their equal right to education due to social, cultural or economic barriers, this exacerbates social marginalisation because it deprives them of membership in the school social system. Social marginalisation thwarts the fulfilment of needs and weakens social cohesion by causing alienation and anomie (Mayrhofer, 2015). The tentative conclusion is that knowledge and practice models that link human needs and children’s rights equip social workers with the expertise to reduce children’s vulnerability whilst strengthening their protection, autonomy and self-determination.
For a given set of banks, how big can losses in bad economic or financial scenarios possibly get, and what are these bad scenarios? These are the two central questions of stress tests for banks and the banking system. Current stress tests select stress scenarios in a way which might leave aside many dangerous scenarios and thus create an illusion of safety; and which might consider highly implausible scenarios and thus trigger a false alarm. We show how to select scenarios systematically for a banking system in a context of multiple credit exposures. We demonstrate the application of our method in an example on the Spanish and Italian residential real estate exposures of European banks. Compared to the EBA 2016 stress test our method produces scenarios which are equally plausible as the EBA stress scenario but yield considerably worse system wide losses.
Post-operative isoflurane has been observed to be present in the end-tidal breath of patients who have undergone major surgery, for several weeks after the surgical procedures. A major new noncontrolled, non-randomized, and open-label approved study will recruit patients undergoing various surgeries under different inhalation anaesthetics, with two key objectives, namely to record the washout characteristics following surgery, and to investigate the influence of a patient’s health and the duration and type of surgery on elimination. In preparation for this breath study using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS), it is important to identify first the analytical product ions that need to be monitored and under what operating conditions. In this first paper of this new research programme, we present extensive PTR-TOF-MS studies of three major
anaesthetics used worldwide, desflurane (CF3CHFOCHF2), sevoflurane ((CF3)2CHOCH2F), and isoflurane (CF3CHClOCHF2) and a fourth one, which is used less extensively, enflurane (CHF2OCF2CHFCl), but is of interest because it is an isomer of isoflurane. Product ions are identified as a function of reduced electric field (E/N) over the range of approximately 80 Td to 210 Td, and the effects of operating the drift tube under ‘normal’ or ‘humid’ conditions on the intensities of the product ions are presented. To aid in the analyses, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the proton affinities and the gas-phase basicities of the anaesthetics have been determined. Calculated energies for the ion-molecule reaction pathways leading to key product ions, identified as ideal for monitoring the inhalation anaesthetics in breath with a high sensitivity and selectivity, are also presented.
The importance of Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) as scientific method to generate data for scientific models in general and for informed policy decisions in particular has been widely recognised. However, the important technique of code testing of implementations like unit testing has not generated much research interested so far. As a possible solution, in previous work we have explored the conceptual use of property-based testing. In this code testing method, model specifications and invariants are expressed directly in code and tested through automated and randomised test data generation. This paper expands on our previous work and explores how to use property-based testing on a technical level to encode and test specifications of ABS. As use case the simple agent-based SIR model is used, where it is shown how to test agent behaviour, transition probabilities and model invariants. The outcome are specifications expressed directly in code, which relate whole classes of random input to expected classes of output. During test execution, random test data is generated automatically, potentially covering the equivalent of thousands of unit tests, run within seconds on modern hardware. This makes property-based testing in the context of ABS strictly more powerful than unit testing, as it is a much more natural fit due to its stochastic nature.
Wir untersuchen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede partizipativer Projekte auf Gemeindeebene in der Bodenseeregion. Ziel dabei ist es, einerseits Chancen und Stolpersteine von partizipativen Projekten für Gemeinden zu identifizieren. Andererseits entwickeln wir den Resilienzbegriff aus Psychologie und BWL weiter für Gemeinden und fragen uns, wie Partizipation die Resilienz einer Gemeinde beeinflusst.
Background: The development of mobile interventions for noncommunicable diseases has increased in recent years. However, there is a dearth of apps for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), who frequently have an impaired ability to walk.
Objective: Using a patient-centered approach for the development of mobile interventions, we aim to describe the needs and requirements of patients with PAD regarding the overall care situation and the use of mobile interventions to perform supervised exercise therapy (SET).
Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in addition to a clinical examination at the vascular outpatient clinic of the West-German Heart and Vascular Center of the University Clinic Essen in Germany. Patients with diagnosed PAD were asked to answer questions on sociodemographic characteristics, PAD-related need for support, satisfaction with their health care situation, smartphone and app use, and requirements for the design of mobile interventions to support SET.
Results: Overall, a need for better support of patients with diagnosed PAD was identified. In total, 59.2% (n=180) expressed their desire for more support for their disease. Patients (n=304) had a mean age of 67 years and half of them (n=157, 51.6%) were smartphone users. We noted an interest in smartphone-supported SET, even for people who did not currently use a smartphone. “Information,” “feedback,” “choosing goals,” and “interaction with physicians and therapists” were rated the most relevant components of a potential app.
Conclusions: A need for the support of patients with PAD was determined. This was particularly evident with regard to disease literacy and the performance of SET. Based on a detailed description of patient characteristics, proposals for the design of mobile interventions adapted to the needs and requirements of patients can be derived.
Clathrate hydrates, or hydrates for short, are inclusion compounds in which water molecules form a hydrogen-bonded host lattice that accommodates the guest molecules. While vast amounts of hydrates are known to exist in seafloor sediments and in the permafrost on Earth, these occurrences might be dwarfed by the amounts of hydrates occurring in space and on celestial bodies. Since methane is the primary guest molecule in most of the natural occurrences on Earth, hydrates are considered a promising source of energy. Moreover, the ability of one volume of hydrate to store about 170 volumes of gas, make hydrates a promising functional material for various industrial applications. While the static properties of hydrates are reasonably well known, the dynamics of hydrate formation and decomposition are insufficiently understood. For instance, the stochastic period of hydrate nucleation, the memory effect, and the self-preservation phenomenon complicate the development of predictive models of hydrate dynamics. Additionally, the influence of meso- and macroscopic defects as well as the roles of mass and heat transport on different length scales remain to be clarified.
Due to its non-invasive and non-destructive nature and the high spatial resolution of approx. 1µm or even less, micro-computed X-ray attenuation tomography ( µCT ) seems to be the perfect method for the study of the evolving structures of forming or decomposing hydrates on the meso- and macroscopic length scale. However, for the naturally occurring hydrates of low atomic number guests the contrast between hydrate, ice, and liquid water is typically very weak because of similar X-ray attenuation coefficients. So far, good contrast was only restricted to synchrotron beamline experiments which utilize the phase information of monochromatic X-rays.
In this thesis it is shown that with the help of a newly developed sample cell, a contrast between the hydrate and the ice phase sufficiently good for the reliable segmentation of the materials can also be achieved in conventional tube-based µCT. An accurate pressure and temperature management, i.e., the added functionality of the cell, further allows for cross-correlation of structural and thermodynamic data. The capability of this µCT setup is demonstrated in a series of studies on the formation and decomposition of hydrates which yield new insights for the development of a novel route to hydrate synthesis. At last, this thesis points towards possibilities how better models of hydrate formation and decomposition can be developed with the aid of µCT and computer simulations.