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In this paper, we propose and simulate a new type of three-dimensional (3D) optical splitter based on multimode interference (MMI) for the wavelength of 1550 nm. The splitter was proposed on the square basis with the width of 20 x 20 µm2 using the IP-Dip polymer as a standard material for 3D laser lithography. We present the optical field distribution in the proposed MMI splitter and its integration possibility on optical fiber. The design is aimed to the possible fabrication process using the 3D laser lithography for forthcoming experiments.
With the digitalisation, and the increased connectivity between manufacturing systems emerging in this context, manufacturing is shifting towards decentralised, distributed concepts. Still, for manufacturing scenarios manual input or augmentation of data is required at system boundaries. Especially in distributed manufacturing environments, like Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg) systems, constant changes to the available manufacturing resources and products pose challenges for establishing connections between them. We propose a feature-oriented representation of concepts, especially from the manufacturing domain, which serves as the basis for (semi-) automatically linking, e.g., manufacturing resources and products. This linking methodologies, as well as knowledge inferred using it, is then used to support distributed manufacturing, especially in CMfg environments, and enhance product development. The concepts and methodologies are to be evaluated in a real world learning factory.
The increasing digitalisation of daily routines confronts people with frequent privacy decisions. However, obscure data processing often leads to tedious decision-making and results in unreflective choices that unduly compromise privacy. Serious Games could be applied to encourage teenagers and young adults to make more thoughtful privacy decisions. Creating a Serious Game (SG) that promotes privacy awareness while maintaining an engaging gameplay requires, however, a carefully balanced game concept. This study explores the benefits of an online role-playing boardgame as a co-designing activity for creating SGs about privacy. In a between-subjects trial, student groups and educator/researcher groups were taking the roles of player, teacher, researcher and designer to co-design a balanced privacy SG concept. Using predefined design proposal cards or creating their own, students and educators played the online boardgame during a video conference session to generate game ideas, resolve potential conflicts and balance the different SG aspects. The comparative results of the present study indicate that students and educators alike perceive support from role-playing when ideating and balancing SG concepts and are happy with their playfully co-designed game concepts. Implications for supporting SG design with role-playing in remote collaboration scenarios are conclusively synthesised.
Recently the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for a multitude of diseases has gained substantial significance for clinical as well as point-of-care diagnostics. Amongst other challenges, however, it holds the central requirement that the concentration of a given miRNA must be evaluated within the context of other factors in order to unambiguously diagnose one specific disease. In terms of the development of diagnostic methods and devices, this implies an inevitable demand for multiplexing in order to be able to gauge the abundance of several components of interest in a patient’s sample in parallel. In this study, we design and implement different multiplexed versions of our electrochemical microfluidic biosensor by dividing its channel into subsections, creating four novel chip designs for the amplification-free and simultaneous quantification of up to eight miRNAs on the CRISPR-Biosensor X (‘X’ highlighting the multiplexing aspect of the device). We then use a one-step model assay followed by amperometric readout in combination with a 2-minute-stop-flow-protocol to explore the fluidic and mechanical characteristics and limitations of the different versions of the device. The sensor showing the best performance, is subsequently used for the Cas13a-powered proof-of-concept measurement of two miRNAs (miRNA-19b and miRNA-20a) from the miRNA-17∼92 cluster, which is dysregulated in the blood of pediatric medulloblastoma patients. Quantification of the latter, alongside simultaneous negative control measurements are accomplished on the same device. We thereby confirm the applicability of our platform to the challenge of amplification-free, parallel detection of multiple nucleic acids.
In the regime of incentive-based autonomous demand response, time dependent prices are typically used to serve as signals from a system operator to consumers. However, this approach has been shown to be problematic from various perspectives. We clarify these shortcomings in a geometric way and thereby motivate the use of power signals instead of price signals. The main contribution of this paper consists of demonstrating in a standard setting that power tracking signals can control flexibilities more efficiently than real-time price signals. For comparison by simulation, German renewable energy production and German standard load profiles are used for daily production and demand profiles, respectively. As for flexibility, an energy storage system with realistic efficiencies is considered. Most critically, the new approach is able to induce consumptions on the demand side that real-time pricing is unable to induce. Moreover, the pricing approach is outperformed with regards to imbalance energy, peak consumption, storage variation, and storage losses without the need for additional communication or computation efforts. It is further shown that the advantages of the optimal power tracking approach compared to the pricing approach increase with the extent of the flexibility. The results indicate that autonomous flexibility control by optimal power tracking is able to integrate renewable energy production efficiently, has additional benefits, and the potential for enhancements. The latter include data uncertainties, systems of flexibilities, and economic implementation.
Gewalt in der Pflege
(2021)
Studien zeigen, dass das medizinisch/pflegerische Personal nach Polizei und Sicherheitsleuten unter allen Berufen am zweithäufigsten am Arbeitsplatz von Aggressions- und Gewaltereignissen betroffen sind und dies hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Berufszufriedenheit und die Gesundheit der betroffenen Mitarbeiter:innen.
Die Studie „Gewalt in der Pflege“ begründet auf repräsentativer Basis ein Monitoring über das Ausmaß von Gewalt gegenüber Pflegenden in Vorarlberger Pflege- und Betreuungseinrichtungen. Für die Analyse wurde in Anlehnung an bestehende Erhebungsinstrumente in verbale Gewalt (inkl. Drohungen), körperliche Gewalt und sexuelle Gewalt unterschieden.
80 % der Befragten gaben an bereits mindestens einmal in ihrem Berufsleben mit Gewalt konfrontiert gewesen zu sein. 44,1 % von ihnen waren Opfer körperlicher Gewalt in verschiedenen Schweregraden. Auch die Prävalenz von sexueller Gewalt ist in den Pflegeheimen als hoch einzustufen, wobei der Großteil der betroffenen Mitarbeiter:innen Frauen sind. Die Hauptquelle der Gewalt sind die Bewohner:innen, gefolgt von den Angehörigen. Es können verschiedene Gründe und Ursachen für die Gewalt ausgemacht werden. Da sind zunächst gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen, wie ein gesteigerter Erwartungsdruck an die Pflegequalität bei gleichbleibenden Rahmenbedingungen, das zunehmende schwerere Krankheitsbild Bewohner:innen von Alters- und Pflegeheimen, sowie eine hohe Belegungszahl zu nennen. Gewalterfahrungen egal welcher Art sind eine Belastung für das Pflegepersonal.
One goal of the project described in this paper is to create learning algorithms for machines and robots that lack a precise virtual controller for correct simulations. Using a digital twin approach, the developed mixed reality application aims for an overlay of a virtual robot model with the real world counterpart using Microsoft HoloLens 2 smart glasses. The application should help users to have an inside look into the results of the learning algorithm and therefore supervise and improve those results. The main focus of this paper is the visual representation of the digital twin on the smart glasses. One of the challenges is the level of abstraction and specific use of shaders (program code defining material attributes) to help the user differentiating between virtual and real objects. Therefore different presentation methods are described and evaluated. Study results with 48 persons show that the most abstract representation (wireframe) scores lowest, whereas a half-transparent model works best.