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Silicon nanophotonics
(2013)
In this paper, a 256-channel, 10-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings demultiplexer for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing was designed using an in-house developed tool called AWG-Parameters. The AWG demultiplexer was designed for a central wavelength of 1550 nm and the structure was simulated in PHASAR tool from Optiwave. Two different AWG designs were developed and the influence of the design parameters on the AWG performance was studied.
Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) is a passive optical component, which have found applications in a wide range of photonic applications including telecommunications and medicine. Silica-on-Silicon (SoS) based AWGs use a low refractive-index contrast between the core (waveguide) and the cladding which leads to some significant advantages such as low propagation losses and low fiber coupling losses between the AWG waveguides and the fibres. Therefore, they are an attractive DWDM solution offering higher channel count technology and good performance characteristics compared to other methods. However, the very low refractive-index contrast means the bending radius of the waveguides needs to be very large (on the order of several millimeters) and may not fall below a particular critical value to suppress bending losses. As a result, silica-based waveguide devices usually have a very large size that limits the integration density of SiO2-based photonic integrated devices. High-index contrast AWGs (such as silicon, silicon nitride or polymer-based waveguide devices) feature much smaller waveguide size compared to low index contrast AWGs. Such compact devices can easily be implemented on a chip and have already found applications in emerging applications such as optical sensors, devices for DNA diagnostics and optical spectrometers for infrared spectroscopy.In this work, we present the design, simulation, technological verification and applications of both, the low-index contrast and high-index contrast AWGs. For telecommunication applications AWG-MUX/Demux with up to 128-channels will be presented. For medical applications the AWG-spectrometer with up to 512-channels will be presented.This work was carried out in the framework of the projects: ADOPT No. SK-AT-20-0012, NOVASiN No. SK-AT-20-0017 and AUTOPIC No. APVV-17-0662 from Slovak research and development agency of Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and No. SK 07/2021 and SK 08/2021 from Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH); and project PASTEL, no. 2020-10-15-001, funded by SAIA.
In this work, we investigated the influence of different etch depths of the rib waveguides on the performance of SiN-based AWGs. For this purpose, an 8-channel 100 GHz AWG was designed for a center wavelength of 850 nm. The design parameters entered were calculated using the AWG-Parameters tool. The simulations were performed with a commercial photonic tool PHASAR from Optiwave. The simulated performance was evaluated using the AWG-Analyzer tool. For the AWG design, we used three identical rib waveguides with different etch depths to simulate possible etch imperfection. The simulations show the wavelength shift and degradation of the AWG performance.
Comparison of silicon nitride based 8-channel 100-GHz AWGs applying different waveguide structures
(2019)
This paper presents design and simulation of 8-channel, 100-GHz AWGs based on Si/SiO2/SiN/SiOx material platform. For the designs, two different waveguide structures were used, i.e. ridge and rib waveguides. AWGs were designed for central wavelength of 850 nm applying AWG-Parameters tool. The simulations were performed applying FEM and BPM methods in RSoft and PHASAR photonic tools. The simulation results show considerably lower losses but slightly higher channel crosstalk when applying rib waveguides.
Comparison of silicon nitride based 1x8 Y-branch splitters applying different waveguide structures
(2019)
This paper presents design, simulation and optimization of 1x8 Y-branch power splitters based on Si/SiO2/SiN/SiOx material platform. For the designs, two different waveguide structures were used, i.e. ridge and rib waveguides. The splitters were designed for 850 nm spectral optical window and the simulations were performed applying FEM and BPM methods in RSoft photonic tool. The aim of this work was to find minimum physical dimensions of the designed splitters occupying minimal space on PIC chip. The optimization was done with regards to high symmetrical splitting ratio and low insertion loss. Finally, the optical properties of both splitters were studied and compared with each other.
This paper describes two different designs of 1×8 passive optical splitters. The first splitter consists of cascade arranged directional waveguide branches (Y-branch splitter) with (0.8×0.16) µm2 waveguide cross-section. The second splitter is based on multimode interference occurring in a large MMI coupler, which uses a self-imaging effect for beam propagation, exhibiting the same waveguide core size as a Y-branch splitter. The waveguide channel profile, used in both approaches, is based on a silicon nitride material platform, with a refractive index of core being nc = 1.925 and a refractive index of cladding ncl = 1.4575. The splitters are designed as a planar structure for a medical operating wavelength 850 nm. Design, simulation, and optimization of passive optical components are performed by a commercial photonic software tool BeamPROP simulation engine by RSoft Photonics Suite tool, employing beam propagation method. This work aims to find the minimum physical dimensions of the designed splitters with the satisfactory optical performance. According to the minimum insertion loss and minimum non-uniformity, the optimum length of the splitters is determined. Finally, the optical properties of splitters for both approaches are discussed and compared with each other.
The photonic integrated circuits are required in the next generations of coherent terabit optical communications. The software tools for automated adjustment and coupling of optical fiber arrays to photonic integrated circuits has been developed. The obtained results are needed in final production phase in the technology process of photonic integrated circuits packaging.
We present design and simulation of 16-channel, 100-GHz silicon nitride based AWG using BeamPROP simulation engine of RSoft photonic tool. The AWG was designed for TM-polarized light with central wavelength of 850 nm. The input design parameters were calculated applying AWG-Parameters tool. For this purpose, we created a ridge waveguide structure, used in the design of the AWG layout, and performed FEM simulation. The output of the BPM simulation of AWG structure are the transmission characteristics, which was used to calculate transmission parameters defining optical properties of simulated AWG. The achieved simulation results are in a good agreement with the design.
The paper deals with the optimization of 2x2 optical switch for photonic integrated circuits based on two 2x2 MMI splitters and two phase-modulators. The optical switch was modelled in the RSoftCAD with the simulation tool BeamPROP. The optimization was done to minimise the insertion losses and broaden the spectral band at 1550 nm by using linear tapers in a 2x2 MMI splitter topology. The 2x2 optical switch is a common element for creating more complex 1xN or NxN optical switches in all-optical signal processing.
The paper deals with designing and numerical modelling a 2 x 2 optical switch for photonic integrated circuits based on 2 x 2 MMI elements and phase modulators. The 2 x 2 optical switch was modelled in the RsoftCAD with the simulation tool BeamPROP. The 2 x 2 optical switch is a common element for creating more complex 1 x N or N x N optical switches in all-optical signal processing.
In this paper we report on the experimental test set-up for the temperature characterization of fiber array to photonics chip butt coupling at 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths. The alignment and gluing of fiber arrays to photonics chip were done by automated active alignments system and they were fixed themselves by UV curable epoxy adhesive. Temperature changes of coupling insertion losses are measured and investigated for two different UV adhesives during three temperature cycles from -40 °C to 80 °C in climatic chamber. Spectral dependence of insertion losses was measured and compared before and after three temperature cycles for 1530 nm to 1570 nm spectral range at room temperature.