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In this paper, a 256-channel, 10-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings demultiplexer for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing was designed using an in-house developed tool called AWG-Parameters. The AWG demultiplexer was designed for a central wavelength of 1550 nm and the structure was simulated in PHASAR tool from Optiwave. Two different AWG designs were developed and the influence of the design parameters on the AWG performance was studied.
Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) is a passive optical component, which have found applications in a wide range of photonic applications including telecommunications and medicine. Silica-on-Silicon (SoS) based AWGs use a low refractive-index contrast between the core (waveguide) and the cladding which leads to some significant advantages such as low propagation losses and low fiber coupling losses between the AWG waveguides and the fibres. Therefore, they are an attractive DWDM solution offering higher channel count technology and good performance characteristics compared to other methods. However, the very low refractive-index contrast means the bending radius of the waveguides needs to be very large (on the order of several millimeters) and may not fall below a particular critical value to suppress bending losses. As a result, silica-based waveguide devices usually have a very large size that limits the integration density of SiO2-based photonic integrated devices. High-index contrast AWGs (such as silicon, silicon nitride or polymer-based waveguide devices) feature much smaller waveguide size compared to low index contrast AWGs. Such compact devices can easily be implemented on a chip and have already found applications in emerging applications such as optical sensors, devices for DNA diagnostics and optical spectrometers for infrared spectroscopy.In this work, we present the design, simulation, technological verification and applications of both, the low-index contrast and high-index contrast AWGs. For telecommunication applications AWG-MUX/Demux with up to 128-channels will be presented. For medical applications the AWG-spectrometer with up to 512-channels will be presented.This work was carried out in the framework of the projects: ADOPT No. SK-AT-20-0012, NOVASiN No. SK-AT-20-0017 and AUTOPIC No. APVV-17-0662 from Slovak research and development agency of Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and No. SK 07/2021 and SK 08/2021 from Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research (OeAD-GmbH); and project PASTEL, no. 2020-10-15-001, funded by SAIA.
The photonic integrated circuits are required in the next generations of coherent terabit optical communications. The software tools for automated adjustment and coupling of optical fiber arrays to photonic integrated circuits has been developed. The obtained results are needed in final production phase in the technology process of photonic integrated circuits packaging.
In this paper, the design of three-dimensional configuration of Y-branch splitter is compared with Multimode Interference splitter. Both splitters use the IP-Dip polymer as a standard material for 3D laser lithography. The optical properties of the splitters for both approaches are discussed and compared.
This paper describes two different designs of 1×8 passive optical splitters. The first splitter consists of cascade arranged directional waveguide branches (Y-branch splitter) with (0.8×0.16) µm2 waveguide cross-section. The second splitter is based on multimode interference occurring in a large MMI coupler, which uses a self-imaging effect for beam propagation, exhibiting the same waveguide core size as a Y-branch splitter. The waveguide channel profile, used in both approaches, is based on a silicon nitride material platform, with a refractive index of core being nc = 1.925 and a refractive index of cladding ncl = 1.4575. The splitters are designed as a planar structure for a medical operating wavelength 850 nm. Design, simulation, and optimization of passive optical components are performed by a commercial photonic software tool BeamPROP simulation engine by RSoft Photonics Suite tool, employing beam propagation method. This work aims to find the minimum physical dimensions of the designed splitters with the satisfactory optical performance. According to the minimum insertion loss and minimum non-uniformity, the optimum length of the splitters is determined. Finally, the optical properties of splitters for both approaches are discussed and compared with each other.
Comparison of silicon nitride based 1x8 Y-branch splitters applying different waveguide structures
(2019)
This paper presents design, simulation and optimization of 1x8 Y-branch power splitters based on Si/SiO2/SiN/SiOx material platform. For the designs, two different waveguide structures were used, i.e. ridge and rib waveguides. The splitters were designed for 850 nm spectral optical window and the simulations were performed applying FEM and BPM methods in RSoft photonic tool. The aim of this work was to find minimum physical dimensions of the designed splitters occupying minimal space on PIC chip. The optimization was done with regards to high symmetrical splitting ratio and low insertion loss. Finally, the optical properties of both splitters were studied and compared with each other.
Comparison of silicon nitride based 8-channel 100-GHz AWGs applying different waveguide structures
(2019)
This paper presents design and simulation of 8-channel, 100-GHz AWGs based on Si/SiO2/SiN/SiOx material platform. For the designs, two different waveguide structures were used, i.e. ridge and rib waveguides. AWGs were designed for central wavelength of 850 nm applying AWG-Parameters tool. The simulations were performed applying FEM and BPM methods in RSoft and PHASAR photonic tools. The simulation results show considerably lower losses but slightly higher channel crosstalk when applying rib waveguides.
Progress in integrated photonics enables development of integrated photonics circuits with new unique properties, circuits of the future, and overcomes current limits in information and communication technologies. The packaging of photonic integrated circuits is necessary for taking them out of research laboratories into real implementation in the information and communication technology applications.
Telecom optical fibers are still being the best transmission medium of digital data and analogue signals for long distance applications. The effective coupling of optical radiation between telecom optical fiber with ten microns core dimension and photonic integrated circuits optical waveguides with submicron dimensions are necessary. To address these challenges, we present our concept of photonics integrated circuit packaging with radio frequency, direct current and fiber array ports with automated active alignment system.
The paper deals with designing and numerical modelling a 2 x 2 optical switch for photonic integrated circuits based on 2 x 2 MMI elements and phase modulators. The 2 x 2 optical switch was modelled in the RsoftCAD with the simulation tool BeamPROP. The 2 x 2 optical switch is a common element for creating more complex 1 x N or N x N optical switches in all-optical signal processing.
Design and optimization of 1x2N Y-branch optical splitters for telecommunication applications
(2020)
This paper presents the design and optimization of 1x2N Y-branch optical splitters for telecom applications. A waveguide channel profile, used in the splitter design, is based on a standard silica-on-silicon material platform. Except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters were considered fixed. For every Y-branch splitter, insertion loss, non-uniformity, and background crosstalk are calculated. According to the minimum insertion loss and minimum non-uniformity, the optimum length for each Y-branch is determined. Finally, the individual Y-branches are cascade joined to design various Y-branch optical splitters, from 1x2 to 1x64.
This paper aims to study the design, simulation, and optimization of low-loss Y-branch passive optical splitters up to 64 output ports for telecommunication applications. For a waveguide channel profile, the standard material silica-on-silicon is used. The Y-splitters are designed and simulated at telecommunication operating wavelength, λ = 1550 nm. Except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, and a core size of the waveguides, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters are considered fixed. The simulation results are analyzed to determine the optimum length of the splitters and the optimum core size. Based on this optimization the total length of the highest designed 1×64 Y-branch splitter was reduced by 41.14 % for a waveguide core (5×5) μm2 compared to the length of splitter with a standard (6×6) μm2 core size.
Design, simulation, and optimization of the 1×4 optical three-dimensional multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding is demonstrated. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation module of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm . According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the splitter were optimized for a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 μm2 . The objective of the study is to create the design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
Design, simulation, and optimization of the 1×4 optical three-dimensional multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding is demonstrated. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation module of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm . According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the splitter were optimized for a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 μm2 . The objective of the study is to create the design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
SiN is a suitable material for fabricating of photonic integrated circuits with middle refractive index contrast for the visible and near infrared spectral region with ultra-low propagation losses. The paper deals with the design and simulation of fiber to SiN chip butt coupler with single step fabrication process without thickness tapering. Coupler is designed for 850 nm band for coupling between strip 0.25 μm × 1.00 μm waveguide and Nufern's 780-OCT single mode optical fiber with core diameter 4.4 μm. The coupling losses simulation results of the two simulation methods finite-difference beam propagation techniques and eigenmode expansion method are compared.