600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften
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- Arrayed waveguide gratings (3)
- OCT (3)
- Optical coherence tomography (3)
- silicon nitride (3)
- AAL (2)
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- Assistenztechnologien (2)
- Demand side management (2)
- Laser ablation (2)
This study presents different approaches to increase the sensing area of NiO based semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. Micro- and nanopatterned laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are generated on silicon and Si/SiO2 substrates. The surface morphologies of the fabricated samples are examined by FE SEM. We select the silicon samples with an intermediate Si3N4 layer due to its superior isolation quality over the thermal oxide for evaluating the hydrogen and acetone sensitivity of a NiO based test sensor.
Design, simulation, and optimization of the 1×4 optical three-dimensional multimode interference splitter using IP-Dip polymer as a core and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Sylgard 184 as a cladding is demonstrated. The splitter was simulated by using beam propagation method in BeamPROP simulation module of RSoft photonic tool and optimized for an operating wavelength of 1.55 μm . According to the minimum insertion loss, the dimensions of the splitter were optimized for a waveguide with a core size of 4×4 μm2 . The objective of the study is to create the design for fabrication by three-dimensional direct laser writing optical lithography.
Optoelectronic system based on photonic integrated circuits to miniaturize spectral domain OCT
(2023)
We present a miniaturized optical coherence tomography (OCT) setup based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC) for the 850 nm range. We designed a 512-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) on a PIC for spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) that is co-integrated with PIN-photodiodes and analog-to-digital-converters on one single chip. This image sensor is combined with all the necessary electronics to act as a camera. It is integrated into a fiber-based OCT system, achieving a sensitivity of >80dB and various samples are imaged. This optoelectronic system will allow building small and cost-effective OCT systems to monitor retinal diseases.
In this paper, a 256-channel, 10-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings demultiplexer for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing was designed using an in-house developed tool called AWG-Parameters. The AWG demultiplexer was designed for a central wavelength of 1550 nm and the structure was simulated in PHASAR tool from Optiwave. Two different AWG designs were developed and the influence of the design parameters on the AWG performance was studied.
In this work, parametric excitation is introduced in a fully balanced flexible rotor mounted on two identical active gas foil bearings. The active gas foil bearings change the top foil shape harmonically with a specific amplitude and frequency. The deformable foil shape is approximated by an analytical function, while the gas pressure distribution is evaluated by the numerical solution of the Reynolds equation for compressible flow. The harmonic variation of the foil shape generates a respective variation in the bearings’ stiffness and damping properties and the system experiences parametric resonances and antiresonances in specific excitation frequencies. The nonlinear gas bearing forces generate bifurcations in the solutions of the system at certain rotating speeds and excitation frequencies; period doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations are noticed in the examined system, and their progress is evaluated as the two bifurcation parameters (rotating speed and parametric excitation frequency) are changed, though a codimension-2 numerical continuation of limit cycles. It is found that at specific range of excitation frequency there are parametric anti-resonances and the bifurcations collide and vanish. Therefore, a bifurcation-free operating range is established and the system can operate stable at a wide speed range.
Hot water heat pumps are well suited for demand side management, as the heat pump market faced a rapid growth in the past years with the trend to decentralized domestic hot water use. Sales were accelerated through wants and needs of energy conservation, energy efficiency, and less restrictive rules regarding Legionella. While in literature the model predictive control potential for heat pumps is commonly shown in simulations, the share of experimental studies is relatively low. To this day, experimental studies considering solely domestic hot water use are not available. In this paper, the realistic achievable model predictive control potential of a hot water heat pump is compared to the standard hysteresis control, to provide an experimental proof. We show for the first time, how state-of-the-art approaches (model predictive control, system identification, live state estimation, and demand prediction) can be transferred from electric hot water heaters to hot water heat pumps, combined, and implemented into a real-world hot water heat pump setup. The optimization approach, embedded in a realistic experimental setting, leads to a decrease in electric energy demand and cost per unit electricity by approximately 12% and 14%, respectively. Further, an increase in efficiency by approximately 13% has been achieved.
Synthetic polymers, such as polyamide (PA), inherently possess a moderate number of surface functionalities compared to natural polymers, which negatively impacts the uniformity of metallic coatings obtained through wet-chemical methods like electroless plating. The paper presents the use of a siloxane interlayer formed from the condensation of the hydrolyzed 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride (TESPSA) precursor as a strategy to modify the surface properties of polyamide 6.6 (PA66) fabrics and improve the uniformity of the copper surface coating. The application of the siloxane intermediate coating demonstrates a significant improvement in electrical conductivity, up to 20 times higher than fabrics without the interlayer. The morphology of the coatings was investigated using scanning electron (SEM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LSM). In addition, dye adsorption, flexural rigidity, air permeability and contact angle measurements were conducted to monitor the change in the PA66 properties after the siloxane functionalization.
The properties of SiC and diamond make them attractive materials for MEMS and sensor devices. We innovated specific laser ablation techniques to fabricate membranes and cantilevers made of SiC or nano-(micro-) crystalline diamond films grown on Si/SiO2 substrates by microwave chemical vapour deposition (MWCVD). We started research to generate surface moulds to grow corrugated diamond films for membranes and cantilevers. A software tool was developed to support the design of micromechanical cantilevers. We can measure deformation and resonant frequency of diamond cantilevers and identify the global mechanical properties. A benchmark against finite element simulations enables an inverse identification of the specific system parameters and simplifies the characterization procedure.
Deep etched structures in GaAs with high aspect ratio have promising applications in optoelectronics and MEMS devices. The key factors in their fabrication process are the choosing of proper mask material and etching conditions which results in high selectivity and an anisotropic etch profile with smooth sidewalls. In this work, we studied several types of mask materials (Al, Ni, Cr, SiO2) for deep reactive ion etching of GaAs using inductively coupled plasma system. Thus, several sets of experiments were performed with varying gas mixture, pressure and ICP/RF power. As a result, we find optimized conditions and minimal thickness of mask material for achieving deep etched (>140 m) GaAs structures.
Bachground: Worldwide, more than 79.5 million people are forcibly displaced, including a significant number of migrant and refugee families with children. Migration and refugeedom affect these families in different dimensions, such as mental, physical and spiritual health. Identifying family needs and enhancing parenting skills can improve family cohesion and health, as well as smooth integration into the host country. This review is part of the Erasmus+ funded project- IENE 8 (Intercultural Education for Nurses in Europe) aiming at empowering migrant and refugee families regarding parenting skills.
Methods: This was a scoping review of literature. The IENE 8 partner countries (Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, and United Kingdom) searched for peer reviewed papers, grey literature and mass media reports at international, European and national level. The time period for the search of scientific and grey literature was between2013-2018, and for mass media, it was between 2016 and 2018. Results: 124 relevant sources were identified. They included 33 Peer reviewed papers, 47 Grey literature documents and 44 mass media reports. This revealed the importance of understanding the needs of migrant families with children. Conclusion: It is evident from the literature that there is a need to support refugee parents to adjust their existing skill and to empower them to develop new ones. Healthcare and social services professionals have an essential role in improving the refugees' parenting skills. This can be done by developing and implementing family-centered and culturally-sensitive intervention programs.
Diversiteit
(2022)
Gesundheitsdienstleister kommen täglich mit Vielfalt in Berührung. Aus diesem Grund ist es ein wichtiges Thema in der Berufsausbildung. Das Bewusstsein für Unterschiede im soziokulturellen Hintergrund geht Hand in Hand mit dem Finden von Gemeinsamkeiten.
Inhalt
In dieser Ausgabe der ZorgBasics-Reihe steht Vielfalt in all ihren Facetten im Mittelpunkt. Aus theoretischen Rahmen, persönlichen Lebensgeschichten und Beispielen aus der Gesundheitspraxis wird das Thema Vielfalt vertieft. Weil Vielfalt auch viel mit der eigenen Persönlichkeit zu tun hat, werden dem Leser auch reflektierende Fragen gestellt.
Charakterisieren
• Dem Studierenden werden praktische Werkzeuge an die Hand gegeben, mit denen er Vielfalt auf unterschiedliche Weise betrachten kann.
• Das Buch diskutiert Vielfalt im weitesten Sinne des Wortes und macht das Thema mit Hilfe von Reflexionsübungen aufschlussreich.
• Gedacht für alle in der HGZO gibt es aber auch konkrete Beispiele aus der Pflege- und Ergotherapie.
Neu
Für die dritte Auflage wurde der Inhalt gründlich überarbeitet. Zeitgenössische Entwicklungen wie sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität, Black Lives Matter und die Corona-Pandemie wurden einbezogen. Die Literatur wurde aktualisiert und viele Fälle wurden erneuert. Die Theorien und Modelle wurden um Superdiversität und Intersektionalität erweitert. Darüber hinaus wird auf eine positive Gesundheit und die Suche nach Gemeinsamkeiten und Überbrückungsunterschieden geachtet.
Zielgruppe
Geschrieben für Studenten, die einen Kurs im Gesundheitswesen und Fachleute im Gesundheitswesen absolvieren.
The properties of diamond make it an attractive material for MEMS and sensor devices. We present the feasibility to fabricate membranes and cantilevers made of nano-(micro-) crystalline diamond films grown on Si/SiO2 substrates using microwave chemical vapour deposition (MWCVD). The patterning of micromechanical structures was performed by a combined process of femtosecond laser ablation and wet etching. We designed cantilever structures with varying lengths and widths (25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μm). The cantilevers were made in a symmetric left- and right-hand configuration. An additional laser treatment was used to modify the mechanical properties of the left-hand cantilever. The deflection of the laser-treated, and non-treated sections was measured. The global mechanical system properties were simulated and corresponded with high accuracy to the measured results of deflection.
Semiconducting metal oxides are widely used for solar cells, poto-catalysis, bio-active materials and gas sensors. Besides the material properties of the used semiconductor,the specific surface topology of the sensor determines the device performance. We investigate the preparation and transfer suitable metals onto LIPPS structures on glass for gas sensing applications.
Alles muss raus
(2022)
Die Pflegebranche in Deutschland ist im Umbruch – sie muss dem zunehmenden Fachkräftemangel etwas entgegensetzen und zugleich als eine der Zukunftsbranchen die Potenziale der Technisierung und Digitalisierung heben.
Dieses Buch erfasst und analysiert die derzeitigen Trends und Herausforderungen sowohl im Bereich der praktischen Pflege als auch auf der Ebene des Pflegemanagements auf allen Führungsebenen. Die Autoren der 30 wissenschaftlichen Beiträge zeigen, wie politische Entscheider, die Organe der Selbstverwaltung und die einzelnen Unternehmen durch unterschiedliche Maßnahmen den Problemen der Pflegebranche entgegenwirken können. Es werden eine Reihe von Handlungsmöglichkeiten und Entwicklungsperspektiven für die unterschiedlichen Akteure der Pflegebranche aufgezeigt, bei denen sich der Faktor Mensch und der Faktor Maschine sinnvoll ergänzen können. Auch werden Pflegekonzepte mit in den Blick genommen, die bisher weniger bekannt sind. Ebenso werden innovative Ansätze von Start-ups und sozialen Entrepreneuren in der Pflege präsentiert.
Nicht zuletzt die Corona-Pandemie hat gezeigt, dass die Pflege eine zentrale, systemrelevante Stütze im Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland darstellt. Die jüngsten Reformen in der Pflegepolitik sind Ausdruck davon und zeigen, dass sich Entscheider auf allen Ebenen und in allen Bereichen der Pflege mit den drängenden Fragen auseinandersetzen müssen. Dazu liefert dieses Buch wichtige Impulse und Anregungen.
PV hosting capacity provides utilities the knowledge of the maximum amount of solar installations possible to accommodate in low voltage grids such that no operational problems arise. As the quantification of the hosting capacity requires data collection, grid modelling, and often time-consuming simulations, simplified estimations for large-scale applications are of interest. In this paper, Bayesian statistical inference is applied to estimate the hosting capacities of more than 5000 real feeders in Austria. The results show that the hosting capacity of 95% of the total feeders can be estimated with a mean error below 20% by only having knowledge of a random sample of 5%. Moreover, the hosting capacity estimation at a regional level shows a maximum error below 9%, also relying on a random sample of 5% of the total feeders. Furthermore, the approach proposed provides a methodology to assess new parameters aiming to improve the accuracy of the hosting capacity estimation at a feeder level.
Various carbon (nano-) forms, so-called allotropes, have become one of the most supporting activities in fundamental and applied research trends. Therefore, a universal deposition process capable of “adjusting” system parameters in one “deposition chamber” is highly demanding. Here, we present a low-pressure large area deposition system combining radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) plasma in one chamber in different configurations, which offers a wide deposition window for the growth of sp2 carbon (carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon), a mixture of sp2 and sp3 (diamond-like films) and pure sp3 carbon represented by diamond films. We will show that not only the type of plasma source (RF vs. MW) but also the gas mixture and plasma chemistry are crucial parameters for the controllable and reproducible growth of these allotropes at temperatures from 250 to 800 °C.
Soul in Space
(2022)
Genesungsfördernde Architektur von morgen Antworten auf die aktuellen Herausforderungen für die architektonische Konzeption und Gestaltung von Psychiatriebauten Perspektiven aus Psychiatrie, Architektur und Ethnologie umfassender Praxisteil mit anspruchsvollen Beispielen von Psychiatriearchitektur.
Mehr als jede vierte Person in Deutschland ist im Jahr von einer psychischen Erkrankung betroffen. Seit Jahren ist zu beobachten, dass die Inanspruchnahme psychiatrischer Behandlungen steigt – stationär und ambulant. Nicht zuletzt zeigt die Corona-Pandemie, die mit deutlich gestiegenen Fallzahlen psychiatrischer Diagnosen einhergeht, dass die Bedeutung der psychischen Gesundheit stärker wahrgenommen wird. In der Gesellschaft erwächst ein neues Bewusstsein für einen angemessenen Umgang mit Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen.
Vor diesen aktuellen Entwicklungen entstehen Überlegungen, wie psychiatrische Institutionen konzeptuell und architektonisch zu gestalten sind, um den Bedarfen der Patient:innen und Mitarbeitenden gerecht zu werden. Dabei steigt die Komplexität der gesellschaftlichen Kontexte wie auch der Aufgaben: junge Patient:innen in schweren psychischen Krisen bis hin zu hochbetagten Menschen mit demenziellen Erkrankungen. Antworten kommen auch und besonders von Architekt:innen, die einen Raum gestalten, damit die Gesellschaft als solche seelisch gesund bleiben und werden kann.
Das Fachbuch »Soul in Space – Psychiatrie trifft Architektur« beleuchtet die zukünftigen Entwicklungen von Behandlungsansätzen verbunden mit baulich-räumlichen Konzepten der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Diese beiden Disziplinen sind eingebettet in einen gesellschaftlichen Diskurs, der kontinuierlich von ethischen und soziologischen Überlegungen geprägt und ein stückweit auch gefordert wird. Dabei wird die soziale Verantwortung deutlich, die der Gestaltung von Kliniken für die seelische Gesundheit innewohnt. In diesem Buch werden planerische Anforderungen und Lösungswege präsentiert und die Interaktion von Raum und Psyche in all ihren Facetten mit wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen belegt. Aktuelle, gestalterisch anspruchsvolle Psychiatriebauten veranschaulichen beispielhaft, welche Gestaltungskriterien zentral sind und wie eine zeitgemäße, genesungsfördernde Architektur nach heutigen Erkenntnissen aussehen kann.
To create a map of an unknown area, autonomous robots must follow a strategy to explore the area without knowing the optimal paths to reduce the time needed to map the whole area. To reduce the time to accomplish this task, multiple robots can work together to create a map in a more efficient way. However, without proper coordination, the time a team of autonomous robots needs to explore the unknown area can exceed the time needed by a single robot. To counteract the challenges, a shared infrastructure is needed which extracts useful information for the individual robots out of the shared information of all robots so the exploration can be coordinated. These measures introduce new challenges to the system, concerning the load of the communication infrastructure as well as the overall task of exploring and mapping becoming dependent on the correct communication and robustness of the shared team infrastructure. Therefore, the amount of communication and dependency of each individual robot of the rest of the other robots of the team must be reduced to ensure that the robots can continue working even if the communication with the shared infrastructure fails.