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Die vorliegende Masterarbeit befasst sich mit dem Verhalten von Mitarbeitenden in psychologisch sicheren und unsicheren Situationen. Hierfür wird das Konstrukt der psychologischen Sicherheit mit der Theorie der Ressourcenerhaltung verbunden. Dies wird als ein möglicher Ansatz gesehen, um zu erklären, wie psychologische Sicherheit entstehen kann. Es wird ermittelt, welche Ressourcen, als Prädiktoren von psychologischer Sicherheit relevant sind und zu welchen verhaltensbezogenen Konsequenzen psychologisch sichere und unsichere Situationen führen. Um die hierfür benötigten Daten zu erheben, wurde eine qualitative Studie in Form von neun teilstandardisierten Interviews, nach der Critical Incident Methode, durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass mit dieser Methode relevante Ressourcen der psychologischen Sicherheit ermittelt und verhaltensbezogene Konsequenzen, erfasst werden. Somit eignet sich die methodische Herangehensweise der vorliegenden Arbeit zur Anwendung in Unternehmen. Auf diese Weise können Unternehmen ermitteln, welche relevante Ressourcen für ihre Mitarbeitenden, die zur psychologischen Sicherheit führen, bereits vorhanden sind und welche gefördert werden müssen.
Der Standard IAS 36 regelt die Bewertung bestimmter Vermögenswerte in der IFRS-Bilanz und soll verhindern, dass Vermögenswerte mit einem Buchwert ausgewiesen werden, der höher ist als ihr erzielbarer Betrag. Zu diesem Zweck werden der Nutzungswert, der sich aus der Nutzung des Vermögenswertes ergibt, und der beizulegende Zeitwert, der einen theoretischen oder realen Marktwert darstellt, ermittelt. Aufgrund des Interpretationsspielraums des Standards, sich ändernder Faktoren wie Zinssätze und Wachstumsannahmen und der großen Auswirkungen, die Wertminderungen auf die Ergebnisse der Jahresabschlüsse haben können, ist der Impairment Test ein aktuelles Thema. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Herangehensweisen zur Wertminderungsprüfung untersucht und gemeinsam mit identifizierten Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten in einem Best-Practice-Modell zusammengefasst. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Interviews mit sechs Unternehmen und sechs Wirtschaftsprüfern und Wirtschaftsprüferinnen aus der DACH-Region geführt und anschließend mittels fokussierter Interviewanalyse nach Kuckartz und Rädiker (2020) ausgewertet. Es zeigte sich, dass insbesondere die vorgelagerte Trigger Analyse und die Kontrollmechanismen an verschiedenen Stellen des Prozesses in der Praxis weiterentwickelt werden sollten. Darüber hinaus wird empfohlen, im Falle einer Wertminderung eines Goodwills nicht nur auf dem in der Praxis bevorzugten Nutzungswert zu beharren, sondern einen zweiten Bewertungszyklus mit dem beizulegenden Zeitwert durchzuführen, um den Wertminderungsbedarf zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bieten verschiedene Möglichkeiten für weitere Forschungen, beispielsweise könnten weitere Experten und Expertinnen aus verschiedenen Ländern befragt werden, oder es könnte mehr Aufmerksamkeit auf Teilprozesse, wie z.B. die Trigger Analyse oder die Goodwill-Bewertung mit dem Fair-Value-Ansatz, gelegt werden.
Projekte zeichnen sich aus durch ihre Einmaligkeit und Offenheit. Unternehmen sind bestrebt ihre Projekte zum positiven Abschluss zu bringen. In dieser Ausarbeitung wird die Rolle der Verhaltensökonomie im Projektmanagement beleuchtet. Dabei wird der Fokus auf die Projektplanung und insbesondere auf die Aufwandsschätzung gelegt. Der theoretische Rahmen bildet ein solides Verständnis von Verhaltensökonomie und Projektmanagement. Mittels systematischer Literaturrecherche für den Zeitraum von 2017 bis 2023 werden die gängigsten kognitiven Verzerrungen ergründet, die in Projekten, insbesondere bei Aufwandsschätzungen häufig auftreten. Die häufigste kognitive Verzerrung ist der Optimism Bias, gefolgt vom Escalation of Commitment, Strategic Misrepresentation bis hin zur Planning Fallacy und dem Endownment Effect. Das Ergebnis dieser Ausarbeitung zeigt, dass kognitive Verzerrungen den Projekterfolg maßgeblich beeinflussen können.
The e-commerce market has been growing for years and this trend seems to be continuing. Online stores for clothing are very successful. It seems that hardly any company can afford not to have a digital presence. This goes hand in hand with the fact that the range of products on offer to customers is getting bigger and bigger. But it's not just the range that's getting bigger, it's also the effort customers have to make to find the right product. For this reason, many successful online stores are already relying on AI. In doing so, companies are creating opportunities for customers that an employee could hardly manage. Implemented on the website, AI can check inventory, update it in real time, predict trends and evaluate customer or user data and make suitable recommendations. This is important for the customer because with the huge choice available, for one thing, personalization is increasingly important and being presented with a relevant selection. A central question is whether the recommendations are trustworthy and whether they can be equated with a real salesperson advising the customer. After all, trust is relevant in longterm customer relationships in that it leads to loyalty and satisfaction, which in turn increases the intention to repurchase. The recommendation tools mentioned are also of particular interest for another reason. On the one hand, they help customers to get a relevant selection of the offer and thus to get faster to the desired one. On the other hand, they are relevant for companies not only because of customer satisfaction, but also because of the chance to reduce returns. The large online stores for clothing offer their customers very generous opportunities to return the goods free of charge. In doing so, the companies have responded to customer wishes, because hardly anything is more important to them when it comes to online shopping: free returns. In this way, customers have minimized the risk of having to keep goods that do not fit or please them. This thesis examines whether recommendation tools can help customers to better assess the sizes and properties of clothing, so that they receive more suitable clothing and do not even feel the need to order several sizes of the same item of clothing. It can therefore be assumed that trust in the recommendations of the AI tools reduces uncertainty, which in turn should reduce the intention to return goods. Another assumption to be tested is that of the perceived usefulness of the recommendation tools. As a prerequisite to get an assessment of these assumptions is the usage of the tools. Therefore, a survey was initiated in the DACH region to assess the extent to which usage influences the factors mentioned. It was found by means of a regression analysis that the frequency of online purchases, mediated by perceived usefulness, explains the influence on trust.
The presented master thesis of the study subject International Management and Leadership at the University of Applied Science Vorarlberg in Dornbirn handles the potential future influence of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due diligence on SMEs. First this thesis introduces the most important regulations that might come into place with this Due Diligence Act and gives a theoretical input when and how it will come into place, and also who it will affect directly and who will be affected indirectly. The empirical data resulted of several qualitative expert interviews and a following quantitative research. The expert interviews are split in two different groups, first the topic experts from institutions like chamber of commerce or chamber of labour and second experts from highly successful Austrian companies which are already handling the topic and the future challenges. Expected outcome of the qualitative interviews was a better view on the actual situation especially the impact on small and medium enterprises. On the basis of this results the quantitative survey was produced. In the quantitative survey the goal was to see, how much entrepreneurs and companies in the small and medium sector already are aware of the upcoming legal challenges throughout the supply chain. With all this collected data the practical outcome of this thesis is the Checklist, which helps entrepreneurs to find out if and how much they will be affected by the Act. And finally, the most important part is the Guideline, which introduces first risk assessment tools, that will help companies to prepare for future legislation and bring undoubtedly a certain advantage for the upcoming challenges.
Influencer Marketing has been discussed by various marketing experts for years and is already a fixed component of the marketing strategy in many companies. These are mainly companies from the B2C sector. Recently, more and more companies are asking themselves about possible areas of application within the B2B structure. This phenomenon is influenced by the increase in digitalization and the ever-higher hurdles in reaching target groups using traditional marketing tools.
The topic of this master’s thesis was the result of professional and personal development. Various modules attended during the study inspired a deeper interest in the subject. Furthermore, the topic was always a point of discussion in the professional environment, resulting in the realisation that there is currently very little knowledge in B2B companies regarding Influencer Marketing.
The aim of the research was to discover how to systematically find end users for the use of Influencer Marketing in B2B companies in the tool and hardware industry. Furthermore, the success factors for a long-term cooperation between influencers and companies from this industry will be identified and presented.
Research questions were created in order to realise the above-mentioned objectives. Therefore, the primary research question and three sub-research questions were created for both the theoretical and empirical part of the work. To answer these questions, eight experts from B2B companies in the tool and hardware industry were interviewed. The evaluation was based on the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring.
From the research results, a possible selection procedure could be identified, which would enable companies to systematically select influencers for marketing purposes. Furthermore, success criteria for a long-term cooperation between influencers and companies were also identified.
The present research had compared how Uppsala and Bartlett & Ghoshal (B&G) models explain the internationalization process of the Brazilian pulp producer Fibria.
The Uppsala model describes the developments of capabilities that enable the firm to move towards higher commitments abroad. Despite its sine-qua-non dependence on foreign markets, it is unlikely that Fibria will internationalize its production to another country, given the country-specific advantages that the company has in Brazil. Nevertheless, Fibria set its structure abroad even when the direct exports would suffice to reach the markets without any foreign direct investment.
B&G deals with the aspects of the organizational structure and described the Transnational type as the evolution of the international firm. In their typology, Fibria was a Global and Ethnocentric type, but interestingly, elements of Transnational and Geocentric models were also observed in the company.
Both theories overlap or complement each other in many aspects. However, they could not explain the peculiarities of the internationalization of Fibria. One reason is the lack of country-related elements in these models.
Eventually, comparisons between theories such as those presented enable decision-makers to align the corporate strategy using suitable models, bearing in mind the limitations that each method entails.
With green cosmetics becoming widely used in Germany, this research would like to fill a research gap and investigate the impact of transatlantic transportation on the willingness of German customers to purchasing the product. With growing environmental awareness this information might be decisive for companies willing to expand internationally. They can take it into consideration when creating their international expansion strategy and deciding for the mode of entry.
Current research also explores the option of targeting the customers with marketing messages to share information about the low environmental impact of the transatlantic transport. It tests different marketing messages and analyses their impact on green purchase intention.
This research seeks to explore the cultural impact in the development of a new product, and if operational CRM (CRM technologies) can bring these two concepts together. As an industrial designer, the researcher finds it fascinating to explore how the abilities that a designer uses can help to solve users' problems could be implemented into structural or strategic decision-making of a company. Therefore, the researcher believes that the results might bring value to the head of international teams in charge of Product Development, by bringing some ideas for what is essential to consider in these processes and how CRM could become a relevant tool to satisfy customers and users.
This research generates value to international management and leadership studies because it brings the management of new product development from an organizational point of view within an international context to the forefront. It also builds an understanding of what to consider when the value chain is decentralized and involves international collaboration in product development processes. And positive elements and/or problems that may arise concerning culture and the role of the CRM within this process.
The term start-up has become indispensable when new ideas are to be turned into business ventures. The number of start-ups is continuously increasing, but at the same time, many new start-ups are marked by failure. The successful path from start-up to a stable business model is to be explored in more detail in this thesis. The focus here is on the various success factors and how decisive they are.
At present, start-ups are mainly focusing on the area of digitalisation, not only triggered by the Covid19 pandemic but also by the high demand for digital products and services. In the past, start-ups founded in Silicon Valley/USA have been incredibly successful. Nevertheless, currently many other countries offer decisive advantages for start-ups and are therefore more attractive than the Silicon Valley. In Europe, Spain stands out with a rapidly growing start-up scene, primarily in the metropolises of Madrid and Barcelona.
This Master's thesis aims to empirically investigate the interrelationships of the necessary success factors in the start-up scene for the country of Spain. The focus of the study here is on the digitalisation industry. Qualitative content analysis is used for closer examination and is carried out through expert interviews. Qualitative research allows a much deeper insight into the interviewees' personal experiences and examines non-measurable factors. The subsequent evaluation is intended to present correlations and provide new insights. In summary, a list of recommendations is generated to provide future founders with suitable suggestions and advice right from the start.
The fact that services have emerged a driving force and the fastest growing sector in international trade attracts researchers to follow the changes taking place in the service industry. This study extends the scientific discussion on internationalization of service firms. Unlike previous research that examined factors that influence a single firm’s decision to internationalize, I acknowledge the heterogeneity of services, and based on the results obtained from secondary analysis of primary qualitative data sets, answer the main research question how internationalization motives differ between people-processing services, possession-processing services, and information-based services. This research goes beyond identification of variation in internationalization motives and analyses the service characteristics that might be responsible for the differences. In addition, I assess the key trends in the service sector and predict the possible future internationalization motives that are likely to emerge from the current trends.
Findings of this study reveal two major issues. First, it is evident that reasons for internationalization differ among hotel, retail firms and Higher education institutions representing people-processing services, possession-processing services, and information-based services respectively. Second, a few motives are common across sub-sectors, however the significance of the motives vary from sub-sector to sub-sector. I conclude that the differences in underlying structures of the respective service sub-sectors is the fundamental cause for the variation in internationalization motives among service sub-sectors. Other factors such as distinctive characteristics of service, firm’s competitive strategies, income elasticity of demand, and life-cycle stage of the service sub-sector also contribute to the differences in internationalization motives.
This paper also presents three different factors, which are likely to emerge as significant factors that influence service firm internationalization decision in future. (1) Company’s urge to be socially responsible and the need to contribute towards the environmental well-being (2) The need to sell regional products and services to neighbouring nations and respond to consumers’ demand for sustainable consumerism (3) Decision to penetrate foreign markets facilitated by the low risks and low cost of internationalization.
Im Vertriebscontrolling halten zunehmend Verfahren aus dem Bereich Predictive Analytics Einzug. Hierdurch verändern sich die klassischen Arbeitsweisen mehr und mehr. Doch welche Faktoren sind dabei zu berücksichtigen und welche Einsatzmöglichkeiten finden sich für Predictive Analytics im Umfeld des Vertriebscontrollings? Dieser Frage wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit nachgegangen. Hieraus ergibt sich das Ziel, Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Predictive Analytics im Vertriebscontrolling herauszustellen und Schlüsselfaktoren herauszuarbeiten, die in diesem Kontext zu berücksichtigen sind. Außerdem sollen diesbezügliche Handlungsempfehlungen benannt werden. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Branche des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus. Um diese Forschungsfragen zu beantworten, wurde mittels einer Literaturanalyse ein Reifegradmodell erarbeitet, das die verschiedenen Reifegrade über die relevanten Dimensionen Daten, Technologie, Prozesse, Methoden und Kompetenzen darstellt. Zudem wurden Bei-spiele für die Nutzung der häufigsten Methoden aus dem Bereich Predictive Analytics im Controlling-Umfeld zusammengetragen. Vor diesem Hintergrund konnten die Schlüsselfaktoren für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Predictive Analytics im Vertriebscontrolling abgeleitet wer-den. Des Weiteren wurde eine qualitative Befragung in Form von Experteninterviews durch-geführt, wobei die in den Interviews thematisierten Unternehmen in das genannte Reifegradmodell eingruppiert wurden. Es zeigten sich bei der Analyse im Allgemeinen niedrige Reifegrade in den Dimensionen Methoden, Kompetenz und Technologie. Hieraus ergeben sich die folgenden Handlungsempfehlungen: die Einführung geeigneter Software aus dem Predictive-Analytics-Bereich, eine erste Anwendung von Predictive-Analytics-Methoden sowie der Aufbau von Wissen in den Bereichen Data-Science und Business-Analytics in Form von Fortbildungsmaßnahmen. Werden diese Empfehlungen befolgt, kann in Unternehmen aus dem Maschinen- und Anlagenbau ein erfolgreicher Einsatz von Predictive Analytics im Vertriebscontrolling gelingen. Hierdurch wiederum können die betreffenden Unternehmen bei der Prognose zukünftiger Entwicklungen unterstützt und wertvolle Entscheidungshilfen erlangt werden, was in weitergehend Forschungsarbeiten aufgegriffen werden kann.
Herkömmliche Lernprozesse sind in der dynamischen Arbeitswelt nicht mehr zielführend. Für transformatives Lernen werden neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit, neue Kompetenzen und neue Lernformate benötigt. Der selbstgesteuerte Lernansatz wird dabei der neuen Arbeitswelt gerecht. Jedoch werden die Potenziale des selbstgesteuerten Lernens in Unternehmen noch wenig genutzt. Im Rahmen der klassischen Personalentwicklung werden meist Kurskataloge und Schulungsprogramme erstellt, die den Inhalt sowie den zeitlichen und örtlichen Rahmen vorgeben. Somit ist es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, vorhandene Chancen und Herausforderungen des selbstgesteuerten Lernansatzes in Unternehmen zu identifizieren sowie Möglichkeiten zur Gestaltung von Rahmenbedingungen zur aktiven Förderung des selbstgesteuerten Lernens durch die Personalentwicklung aufzuzeigen. Dazu wird der Begriff des selbstgesteuerten Lernens abgegrenzt, Modelle werden aufgezeigt und personenabhängige Faktoren für das selbstgesteuerte Lernen werden betrachtet. In einem weiteren Schritt werden die Perspektive der Personalentwicklung und deren Rolle für das selbstgesteuerte Lernen dargelegt. Mithilfe der Durchführung zweier Case Studies wird ein tiefergehendes Verständnis zum selbstgesteuerten Lernen in Unternehmen erzeugt und die forschungsleitenden Fragen werden beantwortet. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit resultieren in Implikationen für die Personalentwicklung, die die zu bearbeitenden Handlungsfelder für optimale Rahmenbedingungen für das selbstgesteuerte Lernen von Mitarbeitenden in Unternehmen abbilden.
Lohngerechtigkeit ist ein Thema, mit dem jede Person im Laufe des Lebens mehrmals konfrontiert wird. Sehr häufig wird dieses Thema auch in der Öffentlichkeit debattiert, vor allem wenn es um die „Gender Pay Gap“ geht, also die Lohnlücke zwischen Mann und Frau. Das Ziel dieser Masterthesis ist es deshalb herauszufinden, welche Faktoren für die Bestimmung eines fairen Entgelts laut unselbstständig erwerbstätiger Personen in Vorarlberg berücksichtigt werden sollen. Dabei wird nicht nur auf die gängigen Faktoren Berufserfahrung und Ausbildung eingegangen, sondern eine Vielzahl an Faktoren berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens wurde dann hauptsächlich die Meinung von Angestellten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 32,4 Jahren erhoben. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass die bedeutendsten vier Faktoren Leistung, Berufserfahrung, Position (inklusive der damit verbundenen Aufgaben und Verantwortung) und Ausbildung sind. Am unbedeutendsten werden Geschlecht, Unternehmensgröße und Familienstand erachtet. Außerdem konnte belegt werden, dass sich das Lohngerechtigkeitsempfinden stark an den eigenen Lebensumständen orientiert.
This thesis aims to determine how banks can prepare for fulfilling and implementing the IFRS S1 requirements, which have been published by the International Sustainability Standard Board. It also examines the extent to which banks in Liechtenstein and Switzerland have already implemented the existing regulatory requirements in the area of sustainability transparency and integrated them into their financial reporting. The focus is to determine whether, and to what extent, these requirements enable banks to disclose relevant information on sustainability aspects in their financial reports. In order to answer the research question appropriately, a qualitative research method according to Mayring was used, which included conducting expert interviews. In this context, it is important to analyze the possibilities of IFRS S1 concerning the identification, assessment, and disclosure of sustainability risks and opportunities. The thesis also analyzes the impact of the regulatory requirements on banks, including the challenges of implementing IFRS S1 and the potential benefits and opportunities for banks of complying with the sustainability transparency requirements. The results are intended to develop a better understanding of how the regulatory requirements for sustainability transparency can be effectively used by banks to improve the quality and comparability of sustainability-related financial information under IFRS S1.
Although pilot projects are an accepted means of entry into prospects, research on the object of startups selling SaaS and use pilots to enter and to further scale within their prospect’s organization is limited. The reader can expect a collection of key practices of SaaS startups in the field of Decision Support Software. These combine the main sales-oriented elements within pilot projects that are reflected on by Customer Success Management, Change Management as well as cultural dimensions. Explorative interviews, mainly with stakeholders in Decision Support Software startups, were conducted to further gain an understanding of the research object. Results indicate that pilots are strategically used in the sales of such startups to simultaneously deal with their customer’s uncertainties and as a means for the startups to get commitment and increase their value proposition through the additional service that they offer in order to acquire an internal support basis. Customer Success Management as well as Change Management are furthermore advantageous in quickly achieving measurable results that leverage buyers and seller’s justification for further sales.